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. 2021 Apr 20;16(4):e0250148.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250148. eCollection 2021.

Relationship between childhood physical abuse and clinical severity of treatment-resistant depression in a geriatric population

Antoine Yrondi  1   2 , Christophe Arbus  1   2 , Djamila Bennabi  1   3 , Thierry D'Amato  1   4 , Frank Bellivier  1   5 , Thierry Bougerol  1   6 , Vincent Camus  1   7 , Philippe Courtet  1   8 , Olivier Doumy  1   9 , Jean-Baptiste Genty  1   10 , Jérôme Holtzmann  1   6 , Mathilde Horn  1   11 , Christophe Lancon  1   12 , Marion Leboyer  1   10 , Pierre-Michel Llorca  1   13 , Julia Maruani  1   5 , Rémi Moirand  1   4 , Fanny Molière  1   8 , Jean Petrucci  1   10 , Raphaelle Richieri  1   12 , Ludovic Samalin  1   13 , Florian Stephan  1   14 , Guillaume Vaiva  1   15 , Michel Walter  1   14 ; FondaMental Advanced Centres of Expertise in Resistant Depression (FACE-DR) Collaborators; Emmanuel Haffen  1   3 , Bruno Aouizerate  1   9 , Wissam El-Hage  1   7
Affiliations

Relationship between childhood physical abuse and clinical severity of treatment-resistant depression in a geriatric population

Antoine Yrondi et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Introduction: We assessed the correlation between childhood maltreatment (CM) and severity of depression in an elderly unipolar Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) sample.

Methods: Patients were enrolled from a longitudinal cohort (FACE-DR) of the French Network of Expert TRD Centres.

Results: Our sample included 96 patients (33% of the overall cohort) aged 60 years or above, with a mean age of 67.2 (SD = 5.7). The majority of the patients were female (62.5%). The Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Quick Inventory Depression Scale-Self Report (QIDS-SR) mean scores were high, 28.2 (SD = 7.49) [MADRS score range: 0-60; moderate severity≥20, high severity≥35] and 16.5 (SD = 4.94) [IDS-SR score range: 0-27; moderate severity≥11, high severity≥16], respectively. Mean self-esteem scores were 22.47 (SD = 6.26) [range 0-30]. In an age- and sex-adjusted model, we found a positive correlation between childhood trauma (CTQ scores) and depressive symptom severity [MADRS (β = 0.274; p = 0.07) and QIDS-SR (β = 0.302; p = 0.005) scores]. We detected a statistically significant correlation between physical abuse and depressive symptom severity [MADRS (β = 0.304; p = 0.03) and QIDS-SR (β = 0.362; p = 0.005) scores]. We did not observe any significant correlation between other types of trauma and depressive symptom severity. We showed that self-esteem (Rosenberg scale) mediated the effect of physical abuse (PA) on the intensity of depressive symptoms [MADRS: b = 0.318, 95% BCa C.I. [0.07, 0.62]; QIDS-SR: b = 0.177, 95% BCa C.I. [0.04, 0.37]]. Preacher & Kelly's Kappa Squared values of 19.1% (k2 = 0.191) and 16% (k2 = 0.16), respectively for the two scales, indicate a moderate effect.

Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study conducted in a geriatric TRD population documenting an association between childhood trauma (mainly relating to PA) and the intensity of depressive symptoms.

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Conflict of interest statement

Antoine Yrondi received speaker’s honoraria (AstraZeneca, Janssen, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Servier), and carried out clinical studies in relation to the development of a medicine (Janssen, Lundbeck) unrelated to this work. Christophe Arbus received honoraria (Janssen, Lundbeck, Otsuka) and carried out clinical studies in relation to the development of a medicine (Janssen). Olivier Doumy received honoraria from Lilly, Astra-Zeneca, Janssen, Servier and Lundbeck. Jean Baptiste Genty received speaker’s honoraria from Servier. Pierre Michel Llorca received grants, honoraria, and consulting fees from Allergan, Gedeon Richter, Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Recordati, Sanofi-Aventis and Teva. Raphael Rachieri received speaker’s honoraria from Janssen Cilag. Ludovic Samalin received grants, honoraria, and consulting fees from Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, and Otsuka. Florian Stephan received honoraria from Otsuka. Guillaume Vaiva received speaker’s honoraria from Otsula/Lundbeck (Annual participation at the reception day for new professors of psychiatry). Emmanuel Haffen: acted in an advisory capacity, carried out clinical studies in relation to the development of a medicine, received personal research, study or travel allowances, gave presentations at meetings, and received remuneration for input from the following pharmaceutical organisations: AstraZeneca, BMS, Cellgene, Euthérapie - Servier, Janssen, Elli Lilly, Lundbeck, LivaNova, Otsuka, Pfizer and Sanofi. He also held a managerial position at the FondaMental Foundation (Créteil) and the French Association of Biological Psychiatry and Neuropsychopharmacology. Wissam El-Hage has received speaker’s honoraria from Chugai, Eisai, Lundbeck, Janssen-Cilag, Otsuka, and UCB unrelated to this work. Bruno Aouizerate received speaker’s honoraria and a travel allowance from Lundbeck, Janssen-Cilag, and Eli Lilly. He has served on the advisory board of Janssen-Cilag. Our compeing interest does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Difference of physical neglect between patients with Early Onset Depression (EOD) and Late Onset Depression (LOD).
Fig 2
Fig 2. Association between Childhood trauma and intensity of self-reported depressive symptoms.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Association between Physical Abuse and intensity of depressive symptoms (A: QIDS-SR; B: MADRS).
Fig 4
Fig 4. Self-esteem as mediator of physical abuse on intensity of depressive symptoms: A: MADRS; B: QIDS.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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