Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Apr 20;14(1):212.
doi: 10.1186/s13071-021-04716-3.

Impacts of ivermectin mass drug administration for onchocerciasis on mosquito populations of Ogun state, Nigeria

Olaitan Olamide Omitola  1 , Cynthia Uchechukwu Umunnakwe  2 , Adedotun Ayodeji Bayegun  2 , Samuel Akinjide Anifowose  2 , Hammed Oladeji Mogaji  3 , Akinola Stephen Oluwole  4 , Simon Nnayere Odoemene  5 , Taiwo Sam Awolola  6 , Adebola Adedoyin Osipitan  7 , Sammy Olufemi Sam-Wobo  2 , Uwem Friday Ekpo  8
Affiliations

Impacts of ivermectin mass drug administration for onchocerciasis on mosquito populations of Ogun state, Nigeria

Olaitan Olamide Omitola et al. Parasit Vectors. .

Abstract

Background: The impact of single-dose mass drug administration (MDA) of ivermectin for onchocerciasis on mosquito populations was investigated in Ogun State, Nigeria.

Methods: Indoor and outdoor collection of mosquitoes was carried out in two intervention (IC) and two control communities (CC) at three different periods: pre-MDA (baseline), 2-3 days after MDA and 13-14 days after MDA. The density and parity rate of female Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes were determined and compared. Environmental and climatic data of study locations were obtained to perform generalized linear model analysis.

Results: A total of 1399 female mosquitoes were collected, including 1227 Anopheles and 172 Culex mosquitoes. There was a similar magnitude of reduction in the indoor density of Anopheles by 29% in the IC and CC 2-3 days post-MDA but the reduction in indoor parity rate was significantly higher (p = 0.021) in the IC, reducing by more than 50%. In the IC, observation of a significant reduction at 2-3 days post-MDA was consistent for both the indoor density (1.43 to 1.02) and indoor parity rate (95.35% to 44.26%) of Anopheles mosquitoes. The indoor parity rate of Anopheles remained significantly reduced (75.86%) 13-14 post-MDA. On the other hand, the indoor density of Culex increased from 0.07 to 0.10 at 2-3 days post-MDA while the indoor parity rate of Culex did not change. The outdoor density of Anopheles in the IC increased (p = 0.394) from 0.58 to 0.90 at 2-3 days post-MDA; a similar observation was consistent for the outdoor density (2.83 to 3.90) and outdoor parity rate (70.59% to 97.44%) of Culex, while the outdoor parity rate of Anopheles reduced from 85.71 to 66.67% at 2-3 days post-MDA. A generalized linear model showed that ivermectin MDA significantly caused a reduction in both the indoor density (p < 0.001) and indoor parity rate (p = 0.003) of Anopheles in the IC.

Conclusion: Ivermectin MDA resulted in the reduction of both the survival and density of Anopheles mosquitoes. This has strong implications for malaria transmission, which depends strongly on vector survival.

Keywords: Endectocide; Ivermectin; Mosquito; Nigeria; Vector control.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Map of the study area showing the Ogun State communities where the study was conducted
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The study design for mosquito collection
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Indoor density of Anopheles and Culex in the intervention and control communities across sampling intervals. *Statistically significantly lower or higher density than before MDA
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Outdoor density of Anopheles and Culex in the intervention and control communities across sampling intervals. *Statistically significantly lower or higher density than before MDA
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Parity rate of Anopheles and Culex collected indoors in the intervention and control communities. *Statistically significantly lower or higher parity rate than before MDA
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Parity rate of Anopheles and Culex collected outdoors in the intervention and control communities. *Statistically significantly lower or higher parity rate than before MDA
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. ISGlobal. Mosquitoes: world’s deadliest animal. 2017. https://www.isglobal.org/en/new/-/asset_publisher/JZ9fGljXnWpI/content/m.... Accessed 10 Sept 2018.
    1. Federal Ministry of Health. Nigeria malaria indicators survey 2015: final report. Abuja and Maryland: National Malaria Elimination Programme, National Population Commission, National Bureau of Statistics, and ICF International. 2016. https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/MIS20/MIS20.pdf. Accessed 16 June 2019.
    1. Steketee RW, Ter Kuile FO. Editorial commentary: ivermectin as a complementary strategy to kill mosquitoes and stop malaria transmission? Clin Infect Dis. 2014;60(3):366–368. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu802. - DOI - PubMed
    1. MPAC. Ivermectin for malaria transmission control: technical consultation meeting report. Malaria Policy Advisory Committee, World Health Organisation. 2016. https://www.who.int/malaria/mpac/mpac-sept2016-invermectin-session9.pdf?.... Accessed 21 Dec 2017.
    1. Ouédraogo AL, Bastiaens GJ, Tiono AB, Guelbéogo WM, Kobylinski KC, Ouédraogo A, et al. Efficacy and safety of the mosquitocidal drug ivermectin to prevent malaria transmission after treatment: a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60(3):357–365. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu797. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources