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Review
. 2021 Mar 15;13(3):e13892.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.13892.

Neuromodulation for Pain Management in the Inpatient Setting: A Narrative Review

Alaa Abd-Elsayed  1 , Tuan Tang  2 , Jay Karri  3 , Meghan Hughes  4 , Ivan Urits  5 , Mayank Gupta  6 , Alberto Pasqualucci  7 , Dariusz Myrcik  8 , Giustino Varrassi  9 , Omar Viswanath  10
Affiliations
Review

Neuromodulation for Pain Management in the Inpatient Setting: A Narrative Review

Alaa Abd-Elsayed et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Pain is highly prevalent and pharmacological therapy is not always efficacious. There are a few pathophysiological reasons to believe that neuromodulation would increase the rate of success of pain management. This review article is focused on that aspect, discussing non-invasive or minimally invasive neuromodulation techniques in both the inpatient and outpatient setting. This article provides an in-depth discussion of the multiple neuromodulation techniques available over time to be suitable and effective when used as analgesic therapies for chronic pain. We reviewed the literature and discussed all available neuromodulation options that were tested in the inpatient and outpatient setting. Neuromodulation plays a very important role in treating chronic pain in both inpatient and outpatient setting.

Keywords: inpatient and outpatient setting; neuromodulation; pemf; pns; rtms; tdcs; tens.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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