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Review
. 2021 Apr 23;53(2):284.
doi: 10.1007/s11250-021-02728-w.

Vaccination against pathogenic clostridia in animals: a review

Lida Abdolmohammadi Khiav  1 , Azadeh Zahmatkesh  2
Affiliations
Review

Vaccination against pathogenic clostridia in animals: a review

Lida Abdolmohammadi Khiav et al. Trop Anim Health Prod. .

Abstract

Clostridium is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, and spore-forming bacterium, which is found in the surrounding environments throughout the world. Clostridium species cause botulism, tetanus, enterotoxaemia, gas gangrene, necrotic enteritis, pseudomembranous colitis, blackleg, and black disease. Clostridium infection causes severe economic losses in livestock and poultry industries. Vaccination seems to be an effective way to control Clostridial diseases. This review discusses the toxins and vaccine development of the most common pathogenic Clostridium species in animals, including Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium novyi, Clostridium chauvoei, and Clostridium septicum. In this comprehensive study, we will review different kinds of clostridial toxins and the vaccines that are experimentally or practically available and will give a short description on each vaccine focusing on its applications, advantages, and disadvantages.

Keywords: Clostridium; Immunogenic; Toxin; Vaccine; Veterinary.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
3D structure of clostridial major toxins and their genetic origins
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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