Clinical outcome, incidence, and SARS-CoV-2 infection-fatality rates in Italian patients with inborn errors of immunity

Cinzia Milito¹, Vassilios Lougaris², Giuliana Giardino³, Alessandra Punziano⁴, Alessandra Vultaggio⁵, Maria Carrabba⁶, Francesco Cinetto⁷, Riccardo Scarpa⁷, Rosa Maria Delle Piane⁸, Lucia Baselli⁸, Silvia Ricci⁹, Beatrice Rivalta¹⁰, Francesca Conti¹¹, Carolina Marasco¹², Antonio Marzollo¹³, Davide Firinu¹⁴, Federica Pulvirenti¹⁵, Gianluca Lagnese⁴, Emanuele Vivarelli⁵, Caterina Cancrini¹⁰, Baldassare Martire¹⁶, Maria Giovanna Danieli¹⁷, Andrea Pession¹¹, Angelo Vacca¹², Chiara Azzari⁹, Giovanna Fabio⁶, Andrea Matucci⁵, Anna Rosa Soresina¹⁸, Carlo Agostini⁷, Giuseppe Spadaro⁴, Raffaele Badolato², Maria Pia Cicalese¹⁹, Alessandro Aiuti¹⁹, Alessandro Plebani², Claudio Pignata³, Isabella Quinti²⁰

Affiliations

¹ Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
² Pediatrics Clinic and Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
³ Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatric Section, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
⁴ Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
⁵ Immunoallergology Unit, Department Medical-Geriatric, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy.
⁶ Internal Medicine Department, Rare Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
⁷ Rare Disease Referral Center, Internal Medicine 1, Ca' Foncello Hospital, ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy; Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
⁸ Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Pediatrics, Milan, Italy.
⁹ Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 24, Florence, Italy.
¹⁰ Unit of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
¹¹ Unit of Pediatrics, University of Bologna, St. Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
¹² Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
¹³ Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
¹⁴ Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy.
¹⁵ Regional Reference Centre for Primary Immune Deficiencies, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy.
¹⁶ Unit of Pediatrics and Neonatology, "Monsignor A.R. Dimiccoli" Hospital, Barletta, Italy.
¹⁷ Clinica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche e Azienda Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy.
¹⁸ Pediatrics Clinic, ASST-Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
¹⁹ Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
²⁰ Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: isabella.quinti@uniroma1.it.

PMID: 33894392
PMCID: PMC8059325
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.04.017

Clinical outcome, incidence, and SARS-CoV-2 infection-fatality rates in Italian patients with inborn errors of immunity

Cinzia Milito et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2021 Jul.

. 2021 Jul;9(7):2904-2906.e2.

doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.04.017. Epub 2021 Apr 21.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
² Pediatrics Clinic and Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
³ Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatric Section, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
⁴ Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
⁵ Immunoallergology Unit, Department Medical-Geriatric, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy.
⁶ Internal Medicine Department, Rare Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
⁷ Rare Disease Referral Center, Internal Medicine 1, Ca' Foncello Hospital, ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy; Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
⁸ Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Pediatrics, Milan, Italy.
⁹ Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 24, Florence, Italy.
¹⁰ Unit of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
¹¹ Unit of Pediatrics, University of Bologna, St. Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
¹² Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
¹³ Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
¹⁴ Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy.
¹⁵ Regional Reference Centre for Primary Immune Deficiencies, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy.
¹⁶ Unit of Pediatrics and Neonatology, "Monsignor A.R. Dimiccoli" Hospital, Barletta, Italy.
¹⁷ Clinica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche e Azienda Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy.
¹⁸ Pediatrics Clinic, ASST-Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
¹⁹ Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
²⁰ Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: isabella.quinti@uniroma1.it.

PMID: 33894392
PMCID: PMC8059325
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.04.017

No abstract available

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Figures

**Figure E1**
Distribution of SARS-CoV-2–infected patients by (A) IEI entities and by (B) children and (C) adult populations. ALPS = autoimmune lymphoproliferative synìdrome; APDS1 = activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ syndrome; ARA = autosomal recessive agammaglobulinemia; AT = ataxia telangectasia; CVID = Common Variable Immune Deficiency; SIgAD = selective IgA deficiency; TMO = post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; XLA = X-linked agammaglobulinemia.

**Figure E2**
COVID-19 severity by (A) age and by (B) IEI entity in the Italian IEI cohort. ARA = autosomal recessive agammaglobulinemia; CVID = Common Variable Immune Deficiency; XLA = X-linked agammaglobulinemia.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

1. Meyts I., Bucciol G., Quinti I., Neven B., Fischer A., Seoane E. Coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with inborn errors of immunity: an international study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021;147:520–531. - PMC - PubMed
1. Ho H.E., Mathew S., Peluso M.J., Cunningham-Rundles C.E. Clinical outcomes and features of COVID-19 in patients with primary immunodeficiencies in New York City. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2021;9:490–493.e2. - PMC - PubMed
1. Lougaris V., Pession A., Baronio M., Soresina A., Rondelli R., Gazzurelli L. The Italian Registry for Primary Immunodeficiencies (Italian Primary Immunodeficiency Network; IPINet): twenty years of experience (1999-2019) J Clin Immunol. 2020;40:1026–1037. - PMC - PubMed
1. World Health Organization Country & technical guidance—coronavirus disease 2019. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technica... Available from:
1. Jordan R.E., Adab P., Cheng K.K. Covid-19: risk factors for severe disease and death. BMJ. 2020;368:m1198. - PubMed

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Clinical outcome, incidence, and SARS-CoV-2 infection-fatality rates in Italian patients with inborn errors of immunity

Affiliations

Clinical outcome, incidence, and SARS-CoV-2 infection-fatality rates in Italian patients with inborn errors of immunity

Authors

Affiliations

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References

MeSH terms

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Medical

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