Self-reported snoring is associated with chronic kidney disease in obese but not in normal-weight Chinese adults

Abstract

Background: The relationship between sleeping disorders and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has already been reported. Snoring, a common clinical manifestation of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, is of clinical value in assessing sleeping disorder severity. However, investigations of the connection between snoring and CKD are limited, especially in normal-weight populations. This study assessed the relationship between snoring frequency and CKD in obese and normal-weight people in China.

Methods: A community-based retrospective cross-sectional study of 3250 participants was performed. Study participants were divided into three groups - the regularly snoring group, occasionally snoring group, and never snoring group - based on their self-reported snoring frequency. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m². Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relevance between snoring frequency and CKD prevalence.

Results: The CKD prevalence in obese participants was higher than that in normal-weight participants. Frequent snorers had a higher prevalence of CKD than those who were not frequent snorers in the obese group. Snoring frequency was correlated with CKD prevalence in obese participants independent of age, sex, smoking and drinking status, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride level, high-density lipoprotein, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (odds ratio: 2.66; 95% CI: 1.36-5.19; p=.004), while the same relationships did not exist in normal-weight participants (odds ratio: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.32-1.98; p=.614).

Conclusions: Snoring appears to be independently associated with CKD in obese but not in normal-weight Chinese adults.

Keywords: Snoring; chronic kidney disease; normal weight; obesity.

Figure 1.

(a) A total of 3,250 participants were divided into three groups based on snoring frequency. (b) A subgroup of 1845 obese participants was stratified according to the same three groups based on snoring frequency. (c) A subgroup of 1405 normal-weight participants was stratified according to the same three groups based on snoring frequency.

Figure 2.

The relationship between somatotype, snoring frequency, and CKD prevalence. (a) The CKD prevalence rates in normal-weight and obese participants were 3.56% (50 CKD patients among 1405 normal-weight participants) and 6.07% (112 CKD patients among 1845 obese participants), respectively. (b) The proportions of obese participants in the never, occasionally, and regularly snoring frequency groups were 51.4% (447 obese participants among 869 participants), 54.2% (858 obese participants among 1584 participants), and 67.8% (540 obese participants among 797 participants), respectively. (c) The CKD prevalence rates among the never, occasionally, and regularly snoring frequency groups were 3.34% (29 CKD patients among 869 participants), 4.86% (29 CKD patients among 1584 participants), and 7.03% (56 CKD patients among 797 participants), respectively.

Figure 3.

(a) The CKD prevalence among obese participants was statistically different between the three groups according to their snoring frequency (p=.005, <.05). (b) Meanwhile, that in normal-weight participants was not (p=.811, >.05).