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. 2021 Apr 9:12:620227.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.620227. eCollection 2021.

Anti-biofilm Potential of Elletaria cardamomum Essential Oil Against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium JSG 1748

Abdullah  1   2   3 , Ali Asghar  3 , Ammar Algburi  2   4 , Qingrong Huang  2 , Talha Ahmad  1 , Hao Zhong  1 , Hafiz U Javed  5 , Alexey M Ermakov  6 , Michael L Chikindas  6   7   8
Affiliations

Anti-biofilm Potential of Elletaria cardamomum Essential Oil Against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium JSG 1748

Abdullah et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Foodborne pathogens, microbial recurrent infections, and antibiotic resistance have driven researchers to explore natural compounds as safe alternative antimicrobials. In this study, the chemical profile, antimicrobial, and mutagenic activities of the Elletaria cardamomum essential oil were investigated. GC-MS analysis identified the major bioactive components as α-terpinyl acetate, 1,8-cineole, linalool acetate, and sabinene, at concentrations of 34.95, 25.30, 8.13, and 5.48% respectively, of the essential oil's content. Regarding antimicrobial activity, the minimum inhibitory concentration of green cardamom essential oil was 1% against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 14213. Green cardamom essential oil, when used at concentrations of 0.015, 0.031, 0.062, and 0.125% (v/v) prevented biofilm formation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by 64.29, 65.98, 70.41, and 85.59%, respectively. Furthermore, these concentrations inhibited 6.13, 45.50, 49.45, and 100%, respectively, of the Salmonella Typhimurium JSG 1748 biofilm. A mutagenicity assay confirmed that green cardamom essential oil has no demonstrable mutagenic activity against the tested strains. The study's findings suggest that green cardamom derived bioactive compounds are safe organic antimicrobials, effective in controlling biofilm formation by Gram-negative pathogens. Moreover, such compounds could possibly be used in the food industry (e.g., bakery, dairy, meat, and other food products) as a safe alternative to chemical preservatives (antimicrobials) to enhance shelf life by improving the antimicrobial status while at the same time imparting a pleasant and appealing aroma for consumers.

Keywords: Escherichia coli O157:H7; GC-MS characterization; Salmonella Typhimurium JSG 1748; anti-biofilm potential; bioactive compounds; green cardamom; mutagenic activity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The chromatogram elaborating GCEO bioactive compounds analyzed by the GC-MS (Shimadzu GC 2010 Plus and GCMS-TQ8040) through Shimadzu SH-Rxi-5Sil MS column (30 m long, 0.25 mm ID, 0.25 μm coated film).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Minimum inhibitory concentrations of GCEO against Escherichia coli O157:H7. GCEO used at 2% (●), 1% (○), 0.5% (▼), 0.25% (∆), 0.0125% (■), 0.063% (□), 0.031% (♦), 0.015% (◊), and positive control (▲).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Minimum inhibitory concentrations of GCEO against Pseudomona aeruginosa ATCC 14213. GCEO used at 2% (●), 1% (○), 0.5% (▼), 0.25% (∆), 0.0125% (■), 0.063% (□), 0.031% (♦), 0.015% (◊), and positive control (▲).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Anti-biofilm activity of GCEO against planktonic and biofilm associated cells of Escherichia coli O157:H7. The columns (█) refer to the biofilm mass (%). The solid closed circles (●) refer to the growth (number) of planktonic cells (Log10 CFU ml−1) vs. untreated cells.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Anti-biofilm activity of GCEO against planktonic and biofilm associated cells of Salmonella Typhimurium JSG 1748. The columns (█) refer to the biofilm mass (%). The solid closed circles (●) refer to the growth (number) of planktonic cells (Log10 CFU ml−1) vs. untreated cells.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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