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Review
. 2021 Apr 7:12:665756.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.665756. eCollection 2021.

The Evolving Landscape of Biomarkers in Celiac Disease: Leading the Way to Clinical Development

Glennda Smithson  1 , Jenifer Siegelman  1 , Toshihiko Oki  1 , Joseph R Maxwell  1 , Daniel A Leffler  1   2
Affiliations
Review

The Evolving Landscape of Biomarkers in Celiac Disease: Leading the Way to Clinical Development

Glennda Smithson et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

Celiac disease is a common immune-mediated disease characterized by abnormal T-cell responses to gluten. For many patients, symptoms and intestinal damage can be controlled by a gluten-free diet, but, for some, this approach is not enough, and celiac disease progresses, with serious medical consequences. Multiple therapies are now under development, increasing the need for biomarkers that allow identification of specific patient populations and monitoring of therapeutic activity and durability. The advantage of identifying biomarkers in celiac disease is that the underlying pathways driving disease are well characterized and the histological, cellular, and serological changes with gluten response have been defined in gluten challenge studies. However, there is room for improvement. Biomarkers that measure histological changes require duodenal biopsies and are invasive. Less invasive peripheral blood cell and cytokine biomarkers are transient and dependent upon gluten challenge. Here, we discuss established biomarkers and new approaches for biomarkers that may overcome current limitations.

Keywords: biomarkers; celiac disease; clinical development; diagnosis; disease monitoring; patient populations.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that this study was funded by Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. All authors were employees of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Inc. Co., and were responsible for the content, collection, analysis, interpretation of data, preparation of this article and the decision to submit it for publication.

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