Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Apr 27;16(4):e0250328.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250328. eCollection 2021.

Prevalence of dyslipidaemia among HIV-infected patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy in North Shewa, Ethiopia

Temesgen Fiseha  1 , Worku Alemu  1 , Henok Dereje  1 , Zemenu Tamir  2 , Angesom Gebreweld  3
Affiliations

Prevalence of dyslipidaemia among HIV-infected patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy in North Shewa, Ethiopia

Temesgen Fiseha et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: Data on the burden of dyslipidaemia among people with HIV undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa are limited and little is known about the factors contributing for poor lipid profiles. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dyslipidaemia and factors associated with lipid levels among HIV-infected patients receiving first-line combination ART in North Shewa, Ethiopia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between April and December 2018 among 392 HIV-infected adults receiving first-line ART for at least six months at the ART clinic of Mehal Meda Hospital in North Shewa, Ethiopia. Blood samples were collected for determination of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and CD4 counts. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with lipid abnormalities.

Results: The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 59.9% (95% CI 55.0-64.7%). High TC, high TG, low HDL-c, and high LDL-c were obtained in 47.3%, 30.9%, 19.4% and 29.6%, respectively. Fifty-four participants (13.8%) had high ratio of TC/HDL-c (TC/HDL-c ratio ≥ 5). Older age was independently associated with high TC (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.64-3.84), high TG (AOR = 2.95, 95% CI 1.85-4.71), low HDL-c (AOR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.17-3.50), and high LDL-c (AOR = 3.37, 95% CI 2.08-5.47). Living in an urban area (AOR = 2.61, 95% CI 1.16-6.14) and smoking (AOR = 3.61, 95% CI 1.06-12.34) were associated with low HDL-c. Participants with longer duration of ART use were more likely to have high TG (AOR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.13-3.07), low HDL-c (AOR = 3.47, 95% CI: 1.75-6.80), and high LDL-c (AOR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.30-3.71). High BMI was independently associated with higher TC (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI 1.19-4.97), high TG (AOR = 4.17, 95% CI 2.01-8.67) and high LDL-c (AOR = 6.53, 95% CI 3.05-13.98).

Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of dyslipidaemia among HIV-infected patients receiving first-line ART in North Shewa, Ethiopia. There is a need for monitoring of blood lipid levels in patients with HIV on long term first-line ART with a special attention to be focused on older age, urban residents, longer duration of ART use, high BMI and smokers.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Prevalence of dyslipidaemia among HIV-infected patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Otieno G, Whiteside YO, Achia T, Kwaro D, Zielinski-Gutierrez E, Ojoo S, et al.. Decreased HIV-associated mortality rates during scale-up of antiretroviral therapy, 2011–2016: a population-based cohort study. AIDS. 2019;33(15):2423–30. 10.1097/QAD.0000000000002374 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Troll J. Approach to dyslipidemia, lipodystrophy, and cardiovascular risk in patients with HIV infection. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2011;13:51–6. 10.1007/s11883-010-0152-1 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Calza L, Colangeli V, Manfredi R, Bon I, Re MC, Viale P. Clinical management of dyslipidaemia associated with combination antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2016;71:1451–65. 10.1093/jac/dkv494 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Estrada V, Portilla J. Dyslipidemia Related to Antiretroviral Therapy. AIDS Rev. 2011;13(1):49–56. - PubMed
    1. Souza SJ, Luzia LA, Santos SS, Rondó PHC. Lipid profile of HIV-infected patients in relation to antiretroviral therapy: a review. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2013;9(2):186–98. 10.1016/j.ramb.2012.11.003 - DOI - PubMed

MeSH terms