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Review
. 2021 Sep;100(10):1011-1019.
doi: 10.1177/00220345211010436. Epub 2021 Apr 27.

Inductive Materials for Regenerative Engineering

F S Hosseini  1   2   3   4 , L S Nair  1   2   3   5   6 , C T Laurencin  1   2   3   5   6   7
Affiliations
Review

Inductive Materials for Regenerative Engineering

F S Hosseini et al. J Dent Res. 2021 Sep.

Abstract

Regenerative engineering has pioneered several novel biomaterials to treat critical-sized bone injuries. However, despite significant improvement in synthetic materials research, some limitations still exist. The constraints correlated with the current grafting methods signify a treatment paradigm shift to osteoinductive regenerative engineering approaches. Because of their intrinsic potential, inductive biomaterials may represent alternative approaches to treating critical bone injuries. Osteoinductive scaffolds stimulate stem cell differentiation into the osteoblastic lineage, enhancing bone regeneration. Inductive biomaterials comprise polymers, calcium phosphate ceramics, metals, and graphene family materials. This review will assess the cellular behavior toward properties of inductive materials.

Keywords: biomaterials; bone regeneration; graphene; osteoblast differentiation; osteoinductive; stem cell.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Cells and cytokines involved in bone homeostasis. (A) Endochondral ossification via osteoblast differentiation. (B) Intramembranous ossification via osteoblast differentiation. (C) Osteoclastogenesis of monocytes from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to mature osteoclasts. MSC, mesenchymal stem cell.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Bone homeostasis regulatory pathways. (A) Bone morphogenic protein signaling pathway. (B) Wnt signaling pathway. (C) Notch signaling pathway. (D) Hedgehog signaling pathway.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Characteristics of osteoinductive materials influencing the cellular response.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Molecular structures of different graphene family of materials (GFMs).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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