Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Apr 30;100(17):e25555.
doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000025555.

The relationship between the expression of soluble programmed cell death-1 and cancer pain: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis

Guangfeng Zhu  1 , Yi Jiang, Hejie Wang, Shichao Shao
Affiliations

The relationship between the expression of soluble programmed cell death-1 and cancer pain: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis

Guangfeng Zhu et al. Medicine (Baltimore). .

Abstract

Background: The immune checkpoint programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) plays a critical role in immune regulation. Recent studies have demonstrated functional PD-1 expression in peripheral sensory neurons, which contributes to neuronal excitability, pain, and opioid analgesia. However, the relationship between the expression of soluble programmed cell death-1(sPD-1) and cancer pain is controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sPD-1 expression level and cancer pain through meta-analysis.

Methods: Studies were selected from Pubmed, Web of science, Embase, Google Scholar, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using the random-effect model or fixed-effect model to assess the association between sPD-1 expression level and cancer pain. All analyses were performed with the Stata 14 software.

Results: This review will be disseminated in print by peer-review.

Conclusion: The results of this study will help us to determine whether the expression level of sPD-1 is related to cancer pain.

Ethics and dissemination: The private information from individuals will not be published. This systematic review also should not endanger participant rights. Ethical approval is not available. The results may be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated in relevant conferences.

Osf registration number: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/WDPUY.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart of studies screening.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. Schmidt BL. The neurobiology of cancer pain. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015;73:S132–5. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Schmidt BL. The neurobiology of cancer pain. Neuroscientist 2014;20:546–62. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Wu CC, Wang YZ, Hu HY, et al. . Bibliometric analysis of research on the comorbidity of cancer and pain. J Pain Res 2021;14:213–28. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Keenan A, Keithley JK. Integrative review: effects of music on cancer pain in adults. Oncol Nurs Forum 2015;42:E368–75. - PubMed
    1. Lechner A, Schlößer H, Rothschild SI, et al. . Characterization of tumor-associated T-lymphocyte subsets and immune checkpoint molecules in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017;8:44418–33. - PMC - PubMed

Substances