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Meta-Analysis
. 2021 Jul;41(7):1221-1231.
doi: 10.1007/s00296-021-04838-y. Epub 2021 Apr 27.

Prevalence of osteoarthritis in lower middle- and low-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ismail Yahaya  1 , Tanya Wright  1 , Opeyemi O Babatunde  1 , Nadia Corp  1 , Toby Helliwell  2   3   4 , Lisa Dikomitis  1   5 , Christian D Mallen  1   5
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Prevalence of osteoarthritis in lower middle- and low-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ismail Yahaya et al. Rheumatol Int. 2021 Jul.

Abstract

Evidence from the Global Burden of Disease studies suggests that osteoarthritis (OA) is a significant cause of disability globally; however, it is less clear how much of this burden exists in low-income and lower middle-income countries. This study aims to determine the prevalence of OA in people living in low-income and lower middle-income countries. Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science) were systematically searched from inception to October 2018 for population-based studies. We included studies reporting the prevalence of OA among people aged 15 years and over in low-income and lower middle-income countries. The prevalence estimates were pooled across studies using random effects meta-analysis. Our study was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42018112870.The search identified 7414 articles, of which 356 articles were selected for full text assessment. 34 studies were eligible and included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of OA was 16·05% (95% confidence interval (CI) 12·55-19·89), with studies demonstrating a substantial degree of heterogeneity (I2 = 99·50%). The pooled prevalence of OA was 16.4% (CI 11·60-21.78%) in South Asia, 15.7% (CI 5·31-30·25%) in East Asia and Pacific, and 14.2% (CI 7·95-21·89%) in Sub Saharan Africa. The meta-regression analysis showed that publication year, study sample size, risk of bias score and country-income categories were significantly associated with the variations in the prevalence estimates. The prevalence of OA is high in low-income and lower middle-income countries, with almost one in six of the study participants reported to have OA. With the changing population demographics and the shift to the emergence of non-communicable diseases, targeted public health strategies are urgently needed to address this growing epidemic in the aging population.

Keywords: Low-income and lower middle-income countries; Osteoarthritis; Prevalence.

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Conflict of interest statement

We declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
PRISMA flow diagram showing study selection
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Forest plot showing the OA prevalence estimates by regions. ES Effect size, CI confidence interval
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Funnel plot
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Forest plot showing the OA prevalence estimates by sites of OA. ES Effect size, CI confidence interval
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Pooled prevalence estimates by different subgroups
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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