Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in Patients: How to Navigate Terminology in Patient Care

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to describe how health care providers can improve their practice environments to be more welcoming for patients on the spectrum of gender and sexual identity.

Methods: Literature searches were performed in WorldCat, PubMed, and nongovernmental organizations and Gallup polls. The years searched were from 2005 to 2018. Key words used included sexual orientation, transgender, and health care. The PubMed MeSH termed searched included gender identity and sexuality, both in combination with patient care.

Results: Terminology that patients use to identify their gender may vary. Understanding the terminology that patients use to self-identify is a first step to becoming more sensitive to the needs of gender and sexual minority patients. Minority patients on the spectrum of gender and sexual identity experience discrimination when accessing health care. Therefore, an accepting doctor-patient relationship especially benefits these patients. When communication competency and fluency is established, health care providers provide a more inclusive, accepting environment. Addressing patients based on their preferences and using inclusive forms and patient handouts are some recommendations that are made to create an open, patient-centered environment.

Conclusion: This article provides health care providers with terminology that facilitates communication and the healing environment for sexual and gender minority patients. Understanding and using this may create a more welcoming environment to all patients.

Fig 1

Checklist for how providers can improve their health care environments to be more welcoming for patients with nonbinary/nonconforming gender identities. For any item not marked as “yes,” consider creating a plan to educate providers and staff and to transform your health care environment to be more patient-centered and welcoming to all genders.