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. 2021 Apr 14;7(4):e06741.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06741. eCollection 2021 Apr.

Protective effect of calcium silicate toothpaste on enamel erosion and abrasion in vitro

Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf  1 , Flávia Mauad Levy  1 , Beatriz Gomes  1 , Aline Dionizio Valle  1 , Juliana Sanches Trevizol  1 , Ana Carolina Magalhães  1 , Andrew Joiner  2
Affiliations

Protective effect of calcium silicate toothpaste on enamel erosion and abrasion in vitro

Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

Objectives: To compare in vitro the effect of a toothpaste containing fluoride (F), calcium silicate (CaSi) and sodium phosphate salts to conventional toothpaste (NaF) on human enamel specimens submitted to erosive and abrasive challenges.

Methods: 48 sound and 48 enamel samples pre-treated with 1% citric acid were divided into 4 groups (n = 12): Group 1- Non-fluoride toothpaste; Group 2- NaF toothpaste (1450 ppmF); Group 3- CaSi toothpaste (1450 ppmF; MFP); Group 4- Erosion only. The samples were subjected to pH cycling (3 cycles/day; 90s; 1% citric acid, pH 3.6) and to abrasion for 7 days. After the 1st and the last cycle, they were submitted to abrasion (15s, 1.5N load), using a brushing machine, soft toothbrush and toothpaste slurry (1:3; 15ml/sample) and then immersed in the slurry for 45s. Samples were immersed in artificial saliva between the challenges. Enamel loss was evaluated using profilometry on days 3 and 7. Data were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05).

Results: For sound enamel at baseline, mean (±SD) enamel loss (μm) for groups 1-4 on day 3 was 2.15 ± 0.35a, 1.20 ± 0.22b, 0.95 ± 0.19b and 1.98 ± 0.32a; on day 7 was 3.05 ± 0.40a, 2.07 ± 0.32b, 1.36 ± 0.33c and 3.69 ± 0.27d respectively. For acid-softened enamel at baseline, enamel loss on day 3 was 3.16 ± 0.19a, 2.17 ± 0.14b, 1.70 ± 0.11c and 3.04 ± 0.19a; on day 7 was 3.92 ± 0.25a, 3.07 ± 0.13b, 2.09 ± 0.15c and 3.87 ± 0.25a respectively.

Conclusions: Both F toothpastes led to significantly higher enamel protection from short-term erosion and abrasion in comparison to the non-F toothpaste and erosion only. In the longer term, CaSi toothpaste conferred significantly higher protection than NaF toothpaste.

Clinical significance: The results showed that for the longer term the CaSi toothpaste provided significantly higher protection than the NaF toothpaste, which indicates a good potential of the former to help prevent erosive tooth wear.

Keywords: Abrasion; Enamel; Erosion; Toothbrushing; Toothpaste.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare the following conflict of interests: Dr Andrew Joiner works at Unilever. Unilever holds a patent on NR5 technology.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Outline of erosion-abrasion protocol. CA = Citric Acid; AS = Artificial Saliva; TP = Toothpaste; s = seconds; h = hours; X2 = twice.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Superimposition of the initial (pink line) and final (blue line) profile scans.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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