ENIGMA-Sleep: Challenges, opportunities, and the road map

Masoud Tahmasian¹, André Aleman², Ole A Andreassen³, Zahra Arab¹, Marion Baillet⁴, Francesco Benedetti^{5

6}, Tom Bresser^{7

8}, Joanna Bright^{9

10}, Michael W L Chee¹¹, Daphne Chylinski⁴, Wei Cheng^{12

13}, Michele Deantoni⁴, Martin Dresler¹⁴, Simon B Eickhoff^{15

16}, Claudia R Eickhoff^{17

18}, Torbjørn Elvsåshagen^{19

20}, Jianfeng Feng^{12

13

21}, Jessica C Foster-Dingley⁷, Habib Ganjgahi²², Hans J Grabe^{23

24}, Nynke A Groenewold²⁵, Tiffany C Ho²⁶, Seung Bong Hong²⁷, Josselin Houenou^{28

29

30}, Benson Irungu³¹, Neda Jahanshad⁹, Habibolah Khazaie³², Hosung Kim³³, Ekaterina Koshmanova⁴, Desi Kocevska⁷, Peter Kochunov³⁴, Oti Lakbila-Kamal^{7

8}, Jeanne Leerssen^{7

8}, Meng Li^{35

36

37}, Annemarie I Luik^{38

39}, Vincenzo Muto⁴, Justinas Narbutas⁴, Gustav Nilsonne^{40

41}, Victoria S O'Callaghan⁴², Alexander Olsen^{43

44}, Ricardo S Osorio^{45

46}, Sara Poletti^{5

6}, Govinda Poudel⁴⁷, Joyce E Reesen^{7

8}, Liesbeth Reneman⁴⁸, Mathilde Reyt^{4

49}, Dieter Riemann⁵⁰, Ivana Rosenzweig^{51

52}, Masoumeh Rostampour³², Amin Saberi¹, Julian Schiel⁵⁰, Christina Schmidt^{4

49}, Anouk Schrantee⁴⁸, Emma Sciberras^{53

54

55}, Tim J Silk^{53

54

55}, Kang Sim⁵⁶, Hanne Smevik⁴⁴, Jair C Soares³¹, Kai Spiegelhalder⁵⁰, Dan J Stein²⁵, Puneet Talwar⁴, Sandra Tamm^{40

41

57}, Giana L Teresi⁵⁸, Sofie L Valk^{15

16

59}, Eus Van Someren^{7

8

60}, Gilles Vandewalle⁴, Maxime Van Egroo⁴, Henry Völzke^{61

62}, Martin Walter^{35

36

37

63

64

36}, Rick Wassing⁶⁵, Frederik D Weber¹⁴, Antoine Weihs²³, Lars Tjelta Westlye^{3

66

67}, Margaret J Wright^{42

68}, Mon-Ju Wu⁶⁹, Nathalia Zak³, Mojtaba Zarei¹

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
² University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
³ NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Inst of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
⁴ GIGA-Institute, Cyclotron Research Center/In Vivo Imaging, Sleep and Chronobiology Lab, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
⁵ Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
⁶ Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy.
⁷ Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁸ Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
⁹ Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
¹⁰ Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
¹¹ Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
¹² Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
¹³ Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
¹⁴ Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
¹⁵ Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
¹⁶ Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty,, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
¹⁷ Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Structural and functional organisation of the brain (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
¹⁸ Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
¹⁹ Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
²⁰ Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
²¹ Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
²² Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
²³ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
²⁴ German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
²⁵ SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
²⁶ Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
²⁷ Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, SBRI (Samsung Biomedical Research Institute), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
²⁸ Univ Paris Saclay, NeuroSpin neuroimaging platform, Psychiatry Team, UNIACT Lab, CEA Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
²⁹ DMU IMPACT de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie, APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Mondor, Créteil, France.
³⁰ Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U 955, IMRB Team 15 « Translational Neuropsychiatry », Foundation FondaMental, Créteil, France.
³¹ Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
³² Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
³³ Laboratory of Neuro Imaging at USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
³⁴ Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
³⁵ Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
³⁶ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
³⁷ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
³⁸ Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
³⁹ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
⁴⁰ Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
⁴¹ Department of Psychology, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
⁴² Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
⁴³ Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
⁴⁴ Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
⁴⁵ Healthy Brain Aging and Sleep Center, Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
⁴⁶ Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA.
⁴⁷ Mary Mackillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
⁴⁸ Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁴⁹ Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
⁵⁰ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
⁵¹ Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.
⁵² Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
⁵³ Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.
⁵⁴ Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia.
⁵⁵ School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia.
⁵⁶ Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok, Singapore.
⁵⁷ Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
⁵⁸ Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
⁵⁹ Otto Hahn Group Cognitive Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
⁶⁰ Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁶¹ Institute for Community Medicine, Department SHIP/Clinical Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
⁶² German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Greifswald, Germany.
⁶³ Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.
⁶⁴ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
⁶⁵ Department of Sleep and Circadian Research, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
⁶⁶ Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
⁶⁷ K.G Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
⁶⁸ Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia.
⁶⁹ Department of Psychology and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

PMID: 33913199
PMCID: PMC8803276
DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13347

Review

ENIGMA-Sleep: Challenges, opportunities, and the road map

Masoud Tahmasian et al. J Sleep Res. 2021 Dec.

. 2021 Dec;30(6):e13347.

doi: 10.1111/jsr.13347. Epub 2021 Apr 28.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
² University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
³ NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Inst of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
⁴ GIGA-Institute, Cyclotron Research Center/In Vivo Imaging, Sleep and Chronobiology Lab, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
⁵ Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
⁶ Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy.
⁷ Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁸ Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
⁹ Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
¹⁰ Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
¹¹ Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
¹² Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
¹³ Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
¹⁴ Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
¹⁵ Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
¹⁶ Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty,, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
¹⁷ Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Structural and functional organisation of the brain (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
¹⁸ Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
¹⁹ Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
²⁰ Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
²¹ Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
²² Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
²³ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
²⁴ German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
²⁵ SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
²⁶ Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
²⁷ Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, SBRI (Samsung Biomedical Research Institute), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
²⁸ Univ Paris Saclay, NeuroSpin neuroimaging platform, Psychiatry Team, UNIACT Lab, CEA Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
²⁹ DMU IMPACT de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie, APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Mondor, Créteil, France.
³⁰ Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U 955, IMRB Team 15 « Translational Neuropsychiatry », Foundation FondaMental, Créteil, France.
³¹ Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
³² Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
³³ Laboratory of Neuro Imaging at USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
³⁴ Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
³⁵ Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
³⁶ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
³⁷ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
³⁸ Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
³⁹ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
⁴⁰ Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
⁴¹ Department of Psychology, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
⁴² Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
⁴³ Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
⁴⁴ Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
⁴⁵ Healthy Brain Aging and Sleep Center, Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
⁴⁶ Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA.
⁴⁷ Mary Mackillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
⁴⁸ Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁴⁹ Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
⁵⁰ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
⁵¹ Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.
⁵² Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
⁵³ Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.
⁵⁴ Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia.
⁵⁵ School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia.
⁵⁶ Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok, Singapore.
⁵⁷ Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
⁵⁸ Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
⁵⁹ Otto Hahn Group Cognitive Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
⁶⁰ Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁶¹ Institute for Community Medicine, Department SHIP/Clinical Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
⁶² German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Greifswald, Germany.
⁶³ Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.
⁶⁴ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
⁶⁵ Department of Sleep and Circadian Research, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
⁶⁶ Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
⁶⁷ K.G Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
⁶⁸ Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia.
⁶⁹ Department of Psychology and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

PMID: 33913199
PMCID: PMC8803276
DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13347

Abstract

Neuroimaging and genetics studies have advanced our understanding of the neurobiology of sleep and its disorders. However, individual studies usually have limitations to identifying consistent and reproducible effects, including modest sample sizes, heterogeneous clinical characteristics and varied methodologies. These issues call for a large-scale multi-centre effort in sleep research, in order to increase the number of samples, and harmonize the methods of data collection, preprocessing and analysis using pre-registered well-established protocols. The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium provides a powerful collaborative framework for combining datasets across individual sites. Recently, we have launched the ENIGMA-Sleep working group with the collaboration of several institutes from 15 countries to perform large-scale worldwide neuroimaging and genetics studies for better understanding the neurobiology of impaired sleep quality in population-based healthy individuals, the neural consequences of sleep deprivation, pathophysiology of sleep disorders, as well as neural correlates of sleep disturbances across various neuropsychiatric disorders. In this introductory review, we describe the details of our currently available datasets and our ongoing projects in the ENIGMA-Sleep group, and discuss both the potential challenges and opportunities of a collaborative initiative in sleep medicine.

Keywords: ENIGMA consortium; large-scale collaboration; neurogenetics; neuroimaging; sleep.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

**FIGURE 1**
Map of participating institutes in the ENIGMA-Sleep working group across 15 countries

**FIGURE 2**
An overview of neuroimaging tools for assessing the functional and structural pathways underpinning sleep physiology. The primary sleep circuit is located in the sub-cortical regions within the brainstem and thalamus. The cortical regions, including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), basal forebrain (BF), anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG), intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and visual cortex, and direct afferent/efferent connections to sub-cortical sleep regions may be important for cortical regulation of sleep physiology

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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ENIGMA-Sleep: Challenges, opportunities, and the road map

Affiliations

ENIGMA-Sleep: Challenges, opportunities, and the road map

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Other Literature Sources

Miscellaneous