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. 2021 Jul;14(2):e20095.
doi: 10.1002/tpg2.20095. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

Dynamic changes of genome sizes and gradual gain of cell-specific distribution of C4 enzymes during C4 evolution in genus Flaveria

Yukimi Y Taniguchi  1 , Udo Gowik  2 , Yuto Kinoshita  1 , Risa Kishizaki  3 , Naoaki Ono  4 , Akiho Yokota  3 , Peter Westhoff  2 , Yuri N Munekage  1
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Free article

Dynamic changes of genome sizes and gradual gain of cell-specific distribution of C4 enzymes during C4 evolution in genus Flaveria

Yukimi Y Taniguchi et al. Plant Genome. 2021 Jul.
Free article

Abstract

C4 plants are believed to have evolved from C3 plants through various C3 -C4 intermediate stages in which a photorespiration-dependent CO2 concentration system known as C2 photosynthesis operates. Genes involved in the C4 cycle were thought to be recruited from orthologs present in C3 species and developed cell-specific expression during C4 evolution. To understand the process of establishing C4 photosynthesis, we performed whole-genome sequencing and investigated expression and mesophyll- or bundle-sheath-cell-specific localization of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME), pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) in C3 , C3 -C4 intermediate, C4 -like, and C4 Flaveria species. While genome sizes vary greatly, the number of predicted protein-coding genes was similar among C3 , C3 -C4 intermediate, C4 -like, and C4 Flaveria species. Cell-specific localization of the PEPC, NADP-ME, and PPDK transcripts was insignificant or weak in C3 -C4 intermediate species, whereas these transcripts were expressed cell-type specific in C4 -like species. These results showed that elevation of gene expression and cell-specific control of pre-existing C4 cycle genes in C3 species was involved in C4 evolution. Gene expression was gradually enhanced during C4 evolution, whereas cell-specific control was gained independently of quantitative transcriptional activation during evolution from C3 -C4 intermediate to C4 photosynthesis in genus Flaveria.

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References

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