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Review
. 2021 Apr 1;13(4):1158.
doi: 10.3390/nu13041158.

Gastric Sensory and Motor Functions and Energy Intake in Health and Obesity-Therapeutic Implications

Lizeth Cifuentes  1 , Michael Camilleri  2 , Andres Acosta  2
Affiliations
Review

Gastric Sensory and Motor Functions and Energy Intake in Health and Obesity-Therapeutic Implications

Lizeth Cifuentes et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Sensory and motor functions of the stomach, including gastric emptying and accommodation, have significant effects on energy consumption and appetite. Obesity is characterized by energy imbalance; altered gastric functions, such as rapid gastric emptying and large fasting gastric volume in obesity, may result in increased food intake prior to reaching usual fullness and increased appetite. Thus, many different interventions for obesity, including different diets, anti-obesity medications, bariatric endoscopy, and surgery, alter gastric functions and gastrointestinal motility. In this review, we focus on the role of the gastric and intestinal functions in food intake, pathophysiology of obesity, and obesity management.

Keywords: food intake; gastric accommodation; gastric emptying; satiation; satiety.

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Conflict of interest statement

Acosta is a stockholder in Gila Therapeutics, Phenomix Sciences; he serves as a consultant for Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, General Mills. Camilleri is a stockholder in Phenomix Sciences and Enterin and serves as a consultant to Takeda, Allergan, Rhythm, Kallyope, and Arena with compensation to his employer, Mayo Clinic.

Figures

Figure A1
Figure A1
Neural and hormonal regulation of gastric emptying and gastric accommodation in response to meals. The neural regulation of gastric motor functions is commanded by the vagus nerve. The vagus nerve exerts both inhibitory and excitatory effects on the stomach. In response to nutrients, enteroendocrine cells along the gastrointestinal tract secrete CCK, GLP-1, and PYY, which inhibit gastric emptying. In response to the meal, ghrelin secretion, an orexigenic hormone known to stimulate gastric emptying, is blocked.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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