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. 2021 Apr 2;10(4):425.
doi: 10.3390/pathogens10040425.

Evaluation of the Variability of the ORF34, ORF68, and MLST Genes in EHV-1 from South Korea

Hyung-Woo Kang  1   2 , Eun-Yong Lee  1 , Kyoung-Ki Lee  1 , Mi-Kyeong Ko  1 , Ji-Young Park  1 , Yeon-Hee Kim  1 , Kyunghyun Lee  1 , Eun-Jin Choi  1 , Jongho Kim  1 , ByungJae So  1 , Choi-Kyu Park  2 , Hye-Young Jeoung  1
Affiliations

Evaluation of the Variability of the ORF34, ORF68, and MLST Genes in EHV-1 from South Korea

Hyung-Woo Kang et al. Pathogens. .

Abstract

Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) is an important pathogen in horses. It affects horses worldwide and causes substantial economic losses. In this study, for the first time, we characterized EHV-1 isolates from South Korea at the molecular level. We then aimed to determine the genetic divergences of these isolates by comparing them to sequences in databases. In total, 338 horse samples were collected, and 12 EHV-1 were isolated. We performed ORF30, ORF33, ORF68, and ORF34 genetic analysis and carried out multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) of 12 isolated EHV-1. All isolated viruses were confirmed as non-neuropathogenic type, showing N752 of ORF30 and highly conserved ORF33 (99.7-100%). Isolates were unclassified using ORF68 analysis because of a 118 bp deletion in nucleotide sequence 701-818. Seven EHV-1 isolates (16Q4, 19R166-1, 19R166-6, 19/10/15-2, 19/10/15-4, 19/10/18-2, 19/10/22-1) belonged to group 1, clade 10, based on ORF34 and MLST analysis. The remaining 5 EHV-1 isolates (15Q25-1, 15D59, 16Q5, 16Q40, 18D99) belonged to group 7, clade 6, based on ORF34 and MLST analysis.

Keywords: EHV-1; MLST; ORF30; ORF33; ORF34; ORF68; phylogeny.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The evolutionary history of ORF34 sequences was obtained using the neighbor-joining method with bootstrap test with 1000 replicates. The evolutionary distances were computed using the Tamura 3-parameter method and are in the units of the number of base substitutions per site. Sequences obtained in this study are marked with a circle (●). The letter “G” followed by a number indicates the number of the group where sequences are located. The letters “Un” followed by a number indicates the sequences not located in any group.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Multi-locus sequence analysis of representative equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) isolates in this study using 38 amino acid differences in 26 open reading frames (ORFs). The ORF variable area is highlighted in gray.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of amino acid sequences based on the Jones Taylor Thornton (JTT) matrix-based model. The tree is based on the alignment of the artificial peptide derived by multi-locus sequence typing of 12 equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) isolates sequenced in this study and EHV-1 strains obtained from GenBank with known UL clade grouping. EHV-1 UL clades are indicated by bars and are numbered according to the key. Bootstrap values after 1000 replications are indicated at major nodes. Dots indicate Korean isolated strains.
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