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Review
. 2021 Apr 14;12(4):435.
doi: 10.3390/mi12040435.

Microneedles: A New Generation Vaccine Delivery System

Ipshita Menon  1 , Priyal Bagwe  1 , Keegan Braz Gomes  1 , Lotika Bajaj  1 , Rikhav Gala  2 , Mohammad N Uddin  1 , Martin J D'Souza  1 , Susu M Zughaier  3   4
Affiliations
Review

Microneedles: A New Generation Vaccine Delivery System

Ipshita Menon et al. Micromachines (Basel). .

Abstract

Transdermal vaccination route using biodegradable microneedles is a rapidly progressing field of research and applications. The fear of painful needles is one of the primary reasons most people avoid getting vaccinated. Therefore, developing an alternative pain-free method of vaccination using microneedles has been a significant research area. Microneedles comprise arrays of micron-sized needles that offer a pain-free method of delivering actives across the skin. Apart from being pain-free, microneedles provide various advantages over conventional vaccination routes such as intramuscular and subcutaneous. Microneedle vaccines induce a robust immune response as the needles ranging from 50 to 900 μm in length can efficiently deliver the vaccine to the epidermis and the dermis region, which contains many Langerhans and dendritic cells. The microneedle array looks like band-aid patches and offers the advantages of avoiding cold-chain storage and self-administration flexibility. The slow release of vaccine antigens is an important advantage of using microneedles. The vaccine antigens in the microneedles can be in solution or suspension form, encapsulated in nano or microparticles, and nucleic acid-based. The use of microneedles to deliver particle-based vaccines is gaining importance because of the combined advantages of particulate vaccine and pain-free immunization. The future of microneedle-based vaccines looks promising however, addressing some limitations such as dosing inadequacy, stability and sterility will lead to successful use of microneedles for vaccine delivery. This review illustrates the recent research in the field of microneedle-based vaccination.

Keywords: immune response; microneedle vaccine; microneedles; microparticles; skin vaccination; transdermal; vaccine delivery.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Vaccine delivery routes.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Different parenteral routes of vaccine administration.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) SEM image of a dissolving polymeric microneedle (size: 430 μm, scale 200 μm). (B) Optical microscope image of the same microneedle array patch.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Schematic representation of immune cells activation post immunization using microneedle vaccines.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Microneedle related literature published in PubMed since 2017.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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