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Review
. 2021 Apr 15;22(8):4108.
doi: 10.3390/ijms22084108.

The Mechanisms of the Development of Atherosclerosis in Prediabetes

Yin Liang  1 , Mengxue Wang  1 , Chen Wang  1 , Yun Liu  1 , Keiji Naruse  1 , Ken Takahashi  1
Affiliations
Review

The Mechanisms of the Development of Atherosclerosis in Prediabetes

Yin Liang et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Lifestyle changes, such as overeating and underexercising, can increase the risk of prediabetes. Diabetes is one of the leading causes of atherosclerosis, and recently it became clear that the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis progresses even before the onset of diabetic symptoms. In addition to changes in platelets and leukocytes in the hyperglycemic state and damage to vascular endothelial cells, extracellular vesicles and microRNAs were found to be involved in the progression of prediabetes atherosclerosis. This review discusses the cellular and molecular mechanisms of these processes, with an intention to enable a comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology of prediabetes and atherosclerosis.

Keywords: atherosclerosis; endothelial dysfunction; exosome; metabolic syndrome; microRNA; obesity; prediabetes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Development of atherosclerosis in obesity. HSPC, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells; NK, natural killer cell; MΦ, macrophage; DC, dendritic cell; sCD36, soluble CD36; ↑, upregulation.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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