Sleep Quality and Physical Activity as Predictors of Mental Wellbeing Variance in Older Adults during COVID-19 Lockdown: ECLB COVID-19 International Online Survey

Khaled Trabelsi^{1

2}, Achraf Ammar^{3

4}, Liwa Masmoudi^{1

2}, Omar Boukhris^{1

5}, Hamdi Chtourou^{1

5}, Bassem Bouaziz⁶, Michael Brach⁷, Ellen Bentlage⁷, Daniella How⁷, Mona Ahmed⁷, Patrick Mueller^{8

9}, Notger Mueller^{8

9}, Hsen Hsouna^{1

5}, Yousri Elghoul^{1

2}, Mohamed Romdhani⁵, Omar Hammouda^{1

4}, Laisa Liane Paineiras-Domingos^{10

11}, Annemarie Braakman-Jansen¹², Christian Wrede¹², Sofia Bastoni^{12

13}, Carlos Soares Pernambuco¹⁴, Leonardo Jose Mataruna-Dos-Santos¹⁵, Morteza Taheri¹⁶, Khadijeh Irandoust¹⁶, Nicola L Bragazzi^{17

18}, Jana Strahler¹⁹, Jad Adrian Washif²⁰, Albina Andreeva²¹, Stephen J Bailey²², Jarred Acton²², Emma Mitchell²², Nicholas T Bott²³, Faiez Gargouri⁶, Lotfi Chaari²⁴, Hadj Batatia²⁴, Samira C Khoshnami²⁵, Evangelia Samara²⁶, Vasiliki Zisi²⁷, Parasanth Sankar²⁸, Waseem N Ahmed²⁹, Gamal Mohamed Ali³⁰, Osama Abdelkarim^{30

31}, Mohamed Jarraya¹, Kais El Abed¹, Wassim Moalla¹, Nafaa Souissi¹, Asma Aloui⁵, Nizar Souissi⁵, Lisette Van Gemert-Pijnen¹², Bryan L Riemann³², Laurel Riemann³³, Jan Delhey³⁴, Jonathan Gómez-Raja³⁵, Monique Epstein³⁶, Robbert Sanderman³⁷, Sebastian Schulz³⁸, Achim Jerg³⁸, Ramzi Al-Horani³⁹, Taysir Mansi⁴⁰, Ismail Dergaa⁴¹, Mohamed Jmail⁴², Fernando Barbosa⁴³, Fernando Ferreira-Santos⁴³, Boštjan Šimunič⁴⁴, Rado Pišot⁴⁴, Saša Pišot⁴⁴, Andrea Gaggioli⁴⁵, Jürgen Steinacker³⁸, Piotr Zmijewski⁴⁶, Christian Apfelbacher⁴⁷, Jordan M Glenn⁴⁸, Aïmen Khacharem⁴⁹, Cain C T Clark⁵⁰, Helmi Ben Saad⁵¹, Karim Chamari^{52

53}, Tarak Driss⁴, Anita Hoekelmann³, On Behalf Of The Eclb-Covid Consortium³

Affiliations

¹ High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.
² Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.
³ Institute of Sport Science, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
⁴ Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France.
⁵ Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia.
⁶ Multimedia InfoRmation Systems and Advanced Computing Laboratory (MIRACL), Higher Institute of Computer Science and Multimedia of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.
⁷ Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
⁸ Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
⁹ Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
¹⁰ Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil.
¹¹ Departamento de Fisioterapia, Faculdade Bezerra de Araújo, Rio de Janeiro 23052-180, Brazil.
¹² Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, University of Twente, 7522 Enschede, The Netherlands.
¹³ Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milano, Italy.
¹⁴ Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 20261-063, Brasil.
¹⁵ Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Management, Canadian University of Dubai, Dubai 117781, United Arab Emirates.
¹⁶ Faculty of Social Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin 34148-96818, Iran.
¹⁷ Department of Health Sciences, Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
¹⁸ Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
¹⁹ Department of Psychology and Sport Science, University of Gießen, 35394 Gießen, Germany.
²⁰ Sports Performance Division, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
²¹ Department of Sports Biomechanics, Moscow Center of Advanced Sport Technologies, 129272 Moscow, Russia.
²² School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough E11 3TU, UK.
²³ Clinical Excellence Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
²⁴ Computer Science Department, University of Toulouse, IRIT-INP-ENSEEIHT (UMR 5505), BP 7122 Toulouse, France.
²⁵ UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France.
²⁶ Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 17674 Athens, Greece.
²⁷ Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Thessaly, 421 00 Trikala, Greece.
²⁸ Consultant in Internal Medicine and Diabetes, MGM Muthoot Hospitals Pathanamthitta, Kerala 689645, India.
²⁹ Consultant Family Physician, CRAFT Hospital and Research Centre, Kodungallur, Kerala 680664, India.
³⁰ Faculty of Physical Education, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt.
³¹ Institute for Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruher, Germany.
³² Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA.
³³ PharmD, BCBS, PharmIAD, Inc., Savannah, GA 30458, USA.
³⁴ Institute of Social Science, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
³⁵ FundeSalud, Department of Health and Social Services, Government of Extremadura, 06800 Merida, Spain.
³⁶ The E-Senior Association, 75020 Paris, France.
³⁷ Department of Health Psychology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 Groningen, The Netherlands.
³⁸ Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 14, 89075 Ulm, Germany.
³⁹ Department of Exercise Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan.
⁴⁰ Faculty of Physical Education, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
⁴¹ PHCC, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar.
⁴² Digital Research Centre of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.
⁴³ Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
⁴⁴ Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia.
⁴⁵ Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart I UNICATT, 20123 Milano, Italy.
⁴⁶ Faculty of Physical Education, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland.
⁴⁷ Institute for Social Medicine and Health Economy, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
⁴⁸ Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
⁴⁹ UVHC, DeVisu, Valenciennes, LIRTES-EA 7313, Université Paris Est Créteil Val de Marne, 94000 Creteil, France.
⁵⁰ Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK.
⁵¹ Hôpital Farhat HACHED de Sousse, Laboratoire de Recherche "Insuffisance Cardiaque", Université de Sousse, Sousse LR12SP09, Tunisie.
⁵² ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha 29222, Qatar.
⁵³ Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", (CNMSS), ISSEP Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Manouba 2010, Tunisia.

PMID: 33921852
PMCID: PMC8073845
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084329

Sleep Quality and Physical Activity as Predictors of Mental Wellbeing Variance in Older Adults during COVID-19 Lockdown: ECLB COVID-19 International Online Survey

Khaled Trabelsi et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021.

. 2021 Apr 19;18(8):4329.

doi: 10.3390/ijerph18084329.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.
² Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.
³ Institute of Sport Science, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
⁴ Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France.
⁵ Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia.
⁶ Multimedia InfoRmation Systems and Advanced Computing Laboratory (MIRACL), Higher Institute of Computer Science and Multimedia of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.
⁷ Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
⁸ Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
⁹ Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
¹⁰ Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil.
¹¹ Departamento de Fisioterapia, Faculdade Bezerra de Araújo, Rio de Janeiro 23052-180, Brazil.
¹² Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, University of Twente, 7522 Enschede, The Netherlands.
¹³ Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milano, Italy.
¹⁴ Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 20261-063, Brasil.
¹⁵ Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Management, Canadian University of Dubai, Dubai 117781, United Arab Emirates.
¹⁶ Faculty of Social Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin 34148-96818, Iran.
¹⁷ Department of Health Sciences, Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
¹⁸ Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
¹⁹ Department of Psychology and Sport Science, University of Gießen, 35394 Gießen, Germany.
²⁰ Sports Performance Division, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
²¹ Department of Sports Biomechanics, Moscow Center of Advanced Sport Technologies, 129272 Moscow, Russia.
²² School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough E11 3TU, UK.
²³ Clinical Excellence Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
²⁴ Computer Science Department, University of Toulouse, IRIT-INP-ENSEEIHT (UMR 5505), BP 7122 Toulouse, France.
²⁵ UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France.
²⁶ Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 17674 Athens, Greece.
²⁷ Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Thessaly, 421 00 Trikala, Greece.
²⁸ Consultant in Internal Medicine and Diabetes, MGM Muthoot Hospitals Pathanamthitta, Kerala 689645, India.
²⁹ Consultant Family Physician, CRAFT Hospital and Research Centre, Kodungallur, Kerala 680664, India.
³⁰ Faculty of Physical Education, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt.
³¹ Institute for Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruher, Germany.
³² Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA.
³³ PharmD, BCBS, PharmIAD, Inc., Savannah, GA 30458, USA.
³⁴ Institute of Social Science, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
³⁵ FundeSalud, Department of Health and Social Services, Government of Extremadura, 06800 Merida, Spain.
³⁶ The E-Senior Association, 75020 Paris, France.
³⁷ Department of Health Psychology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 Groningen, The Netherlands.
³⁸ Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 14, 89075 Ulm, Germany.
³⁹ Department of Exercise Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan.
⁴⁰ Faculty of Physical Education, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
⁴¹ PHCC, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar.
⁴² Digital Research Centre of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.
⁴³ Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
⁴⁴ Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia.
⁴⁵ Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart I UNICATT, 20123 Milano, Italy.
⁴⁶ Faculty of Physical Education, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland.
⁴⁷ Institute for Social Medicine and Health Economy, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
⁴⁸ Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
⁴⁹ UVHC, DeVisu, Valenciennes, LIRTES-EA 7313, Université Paris Est Créteil Val de Marne, 94000 Creteil, France.
⁵⁰ Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK.
⁵¹ Hôpital Farhat HACHED de Sousse, Laboratoire de Recherche "Insuffisance Cardiaque", Université de Sousse, Sousse LR12SP09, Tunisie.
⁵² ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha 29222, Qatar.
⁵³ Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", (CNMSS), ISSEP Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Manouba 2010, Tunisia.

PMID: 33921852
PMCID: PMC8073845
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084329

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 lockdown could engender disruption to lifestyle behaviors, thus impairing mental wellbeing in the general population. This study investigated whether sociodemographic variables, changes in physical activity, and sleep quality from pre- to during lockdown were predictors of change in mental wellbeing in quarantined older adults.

Methods: A 12-week international online survey was launched in 14 languages on 6 April 2020. Forty-one research institutions from Europe, Western-Asia, North-Africa, and the Americas, promoted the survey. The survey was presented in a differential format with questions related to responses "pre" and "during" the lockdown period. Participants responded to the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, and the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.

Results: Replies from older adults (aged >55 years, n = 517), mainly from Europe (50.1%), Western-Asia (6.8%), America (30%), and North-Africa (9.3%) were analyzed. The COVID-19 lockdown led to significantly decreased mental wellbeing, sleep quality, and total physical activity energy expenditure levels (all p < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that the change in total PSQI score and total physical activity energy expenditure (F_{(2, 514)} = 66.41 p < 0.001) were significant predictors of the decrease in mental wellbeing from pre- to during lockdown (p < 0.001, R²: 0.20).

Conclusion: COVID-19 lockdown deleteriously affected physical activity and sleep patterns. Furthermore, change in the total PSQI score and total physical activity energy expenditure were significant predictors for the decrease in mental wellbeing.

Keywords: aging; home confinement; lifestyle behaviors; pandemic; wellbeing.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. Laura Riemann declare to have a commercial affiliation “PharmIAD, Inc., Savannah, GA, USA”. This funder provided support in the form of salaries for Laurel Riemann, but did not have any additional role in the study. This commercial affiliation does not alter our adherence to IJERPH policies on sharing data and materials.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Frequencies of individuals with probable depression or anxiety, possible depression or anxiety, average mental wellbeing and high mental wellbeing pre- and during lockdown. *: significant difference between pre- and during lockdown; p < 0.05.

**Figure 2**
Frequency (%) of individuals experiencing a good (PSQI score ≤ 5) and bad sleep (PSQI score > 5) pre- and during lockdown. PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. *: significant difference between pre- and during lockdown at p < 0.05.

**Figure 3**
Classification of participants according to International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) scoring pre- and during lockdown. *: significant difference between pre- and during lockdown at p < 0.05.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

1. World Health Organization Coronavirus Disease (COVID-2019) Situation Reports. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report. WHO. [(accessed on 20 April 2020)];2019 Available online: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situatio....
1. Biswas A., Bhattacharjee U., Chakrabarti A.K., Tewari D.N., Banu H., Dutta S. Emergence of Novel Coronavirus and COVID-19: Whether to stay or die out? Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 2020;46:182–193. doi: 10.1080/1040841X.2020.1739001. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Yang Y., Li W., Zhang Q., Zhang L., Cheung T., Xiang Y.-T. Mental health services for older adults in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7:e19. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30079-1. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Harman D. The free radical theory of aging. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 2003;5:557–561. doi: 10.1089/152308603770310202. - DOI - PubMed
1. Lee K., Jeong G.C., Yim J. Consideration of the Psychological and Mental Health of the Elderly during COVID-19: A Theoretical Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020;17:8098. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17218098. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

MeSH terms

Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
- scite Smart Citations
Medical
- MedlinePlus Health Information
Miscellaneous
- NCI CPTAC Assay Portal

Save citation to file

Email citation

Add to Collections

Add to My Bibliography

Your saved search

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

Sleep Quality and Physical Activity as Predictors of Mental Wellbeing Variance in Older Adults during COVID-19 Lockdown: ECLB COVID-19 International Online Survey

Affiliations

Sleep Quality and Physical Activity as Predictors of Mental Wellbeing Variance in Older Adults during COVID-19 Lockdown: ECLB COVID-19 International Online Survey

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Other Literature Sources

Medical

Miscellaneous