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Review
. 2021 Apr 22;11(5):1084.
doi: 10.3390/nano11051084.

Applications and Biological Activity of Nanoparticles of Manganese and Manganese Oxides in In Vitro and In Vivo Models

Zuzanna Sobańska  1 , Joanna Roszak  1 , Kornelia Kowalczyk  1 , Maciej Stępnik  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Applications and Biological Activity of Nanoparticles of Manganese and Manganese Oxides in In Vitro and In Vivo Models

Zuzanna Sobańska et al. Nanomaterials (Basel). .

Abstract

The expanding applications of nanotechnology seem to be a response to many technological, environmental, and medical challenges. The unique properties of nanoparticles allow for developing new technologies and therapies. Among many investigated compounds is manganese and its oxides, which in the form of nanoparticles, could be a promising alternative for gadolinium-based contrast agents used in diagnostic imaging. Manganese, which is essential for living organisms as an enzyme cofactor, under excessive exposure-for example, due to water contamination or as an occupational hazard for welders-can lead to neurological disorders, including manganism-a condition similar to Parkinson's disease. This review attempts to summarise the available literature data on the potential applications of manganese and manganese oxide nanoparticles and their biological activity. Some of the published studies, both in vitro and in vivo, show negative effects of exposure to manganese, mainly on the nervous system, whereas other data suggest that it is possible to develop functionalised nanoparticles with negligible toxicity and novel promising properties.

Keywords: biological effects; in vitro; in vivo; manganese oxides; nanoparticles.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic illustration of manganese and its oxides nanoparticles possible applications.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic illustration of main mechanisms underlying manganese oxides medical applications.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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