Plant Species of Sub-Family Valerianaceae-A Review on Its Effect on the Central Nervous System

Abstract

Valerianaceae, the sub-family of Caprifoliaceae, contains more than 300 species of annual and perennial herbs, worldwide distributed. Several species are used for their biological properties while some are used as food. Species from the genus Valeriana have been used for their antispasmodic, relaxing, and sedative properties, which have been mainly attributed to the presence of valepotriates, borneol derivatives, and isovalerenic acid. Among this genus, the most common and employed species is Valerianaofficinalis. Although valerian has been traditionally used as a mild sedative, research results are still controversial regarding the role of the different active compounds, the herbal preparations, and the dosage used. The present review is designed to summarize and critically describe the current knowledge on the different plant species belonging to Valerianaceae, their phytochemicals, their uses in the treatment of different diseases with particular emphasis on the effects on the central nervous system. The available information on this sub-family was collected from scientific databases up until year 2020. The following electronic databases were used: PubMed, Scopus, Sci Finder, Web of Science, Science Direct, NCBI, and Google Scholar. The search terms used for this review included Valerianaceae, Valeriana, Centranthus, Fedia, Patrinia, Nardostachys, Plectritis, and Valerianella, phytochemical composition, in vivo studies, Central Nervous System, neuroprotective, antidepressant, antinociceptive, anxiolytic, anxiety, preclinical and clinical studies.

Keywords: Valerianaceae; antidepressant; anxiolytic; biological activities; clinical studies; myorelaxant; phytochemicals; sedative; valerian.

Figure 1

Chemical structure of selected compounds isolated from plants under the sub-family Valerianaceae with potent biological activity in the central nervous system. The chemical structures were generated using the PerkinElmer ChemDraw Prime Software Version 20.0.0.38.

Figure 2

Schematic representation of the general extraction, isolation, purification, and structure elucidation of biologically active compounds from plant species under the sub-family Valerianaceae. This figure was created with BioRender.com.