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. 2021 Apr 24;18(9):4516.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph18094516.

Mediating Roles of Cognitive Complaints on Relationships between Insomnia, State Anxiety, and Presenteeism in Japanese Adult Workers

Kuniyoshi Toyoshima  1 , Takeshi Inoue  2 , Akiyoshi Shimura  2 , Yoshihiro Uchida  2   3 , Jiro Masuya  2 , Yota Fujimura  2   4 , Shinji Higashi  2   3 , Ichiro Kusumi  1
Affiliations

Mediating Roles of Cognitive Complaints on Relationships between Insomnia, State Anxiety, and Presenteeism in Japanese Adult Workers

Kuniyoshi Toyoshima et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

Complaints of cognitive functions (CCFs), defined as subjective cognitive dysfunction, affect social function; additionally, for workers, this condition is an important factor in presenteeism and mediates the effect of depressive symptoms on presenteeism. This study aimed to investigate whether CCFs mediate the relationships among insomnia, state anxiety (SA), and presenteeism. Participants were 471 Japanese adult workers evaluated using the Athens Insomnia Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y), Cognitive Complaints in Bipolar Disorder Rating Assessment, and Work Limitations Questionnaire 8 to assess insomnia, SA, CCFs, and presenteeism, respectively. Path analysis was used to evaluate the correlations between variables. CCFs significantly mediated the associations among insomnia, SA, and presenteeism. To address the presenteeism associated with insomnia and SA, it may be useful to assess the mediating roles of CCFs.

Keywords: cognitive complaints; insomnia; mediator; presenteeism; state anxiety.

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Conflict of interest statement

J.M. has received personal compensation from Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Eli Lilly, Astellas, and Meiji Yasuda Mental Health Foundation, as well as grants from Pfizer. I.K. has received honoraria from Daiichi Sankyo, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Janssen Pharmaceutical, Lundbeck, Meiji Seika Pharma, Mochida Pharmaceutical, Mylan, Novartis Pharma, Ono Pharmaceutical, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Shionogi, Shire, Taisho Toyama Pharmaceutical, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Tsumura, and Yoshitomiyakuhin, and has received research/grant support from Asahi Kasei Pharma, Astellas, Daiichi Sankyo, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Mochida Pharmaceutical, Novartis Pharma, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Shionogi, Takeda Pharmaceutical and Tanabe Mitsubishi Pharma. T.I. is a member of the advisory boards of Pfizer, Novartis Pharma, and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma and has received personal fees from Mochida Pharmaceutical, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Eli Lilly, Janssen Pharmaceutical, Taisho Toyama Pharmaceutical, Yoshitomiyakuhin, and Daiichi Sankyo; he has received grants from Shionogi, Astellas, Tsumura, and Eisai and grants and personal fees from Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Kyowa Pharmaceutical Industry, Pfizer, Novartis Pharma, and Meiji Seika Pharma. Y.F. received research and grant support from Novartis Pharma, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Astellas, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma, and Shionogi. S.H. has received honoraria from Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma and Novartis Pharma. A.S. reports personal fees from Eisai, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma, MSD, Yoshitomi Yakuhin, and Meiji Seika Pharma, outside the submitted work. Y.U. has received lecture fees from Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma. K.T. does not have any actual or potential conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Relationships between insomnia, state anxiety (SA), cognitive complaints, and presenteeism using path analysis in 471 Japanese adult workers. The numbers beside the arrows indicate the direct standardized path coefficients. The width of the line represents the strength of the direct effect. Insomnia represents the AIS-J score, SA represents the STAI-Y state score, cognitive complaints represent the COBRA total score, and presenteeism represents the WLQ work productivity loss score. AIS-J, Athens Insomnia Scale, Japanese version; COBRA, Cognitive Complaints in Bipolar Disorder Rating Assessment; STAI-Y, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y; R2, coefficient of determination.
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