Trajectories of Eating Behaviour Changes during Adolescence

Abstract

Adolescence represents a critical transition phase during which individuals acquire eating behaviours that can track into adulthood. This study aims to characterise trends in eating behaviours throughout adolescence by investigating the presence of sub-groups of individuals presenting distinct trajectories of vegetable and fruit, sugary beverage, breakfast and fast-food consumption. Data from 744 MATCH study Canadian participants followed from 11 to 18 Years old (2013-2019) were included in the analyses. Participants reported how often they ate breakfast and consumed vegetables and fruits, sugary beverages and fast foods. Trajectories of eating behaviours over seven years were identified using group-based multi-trajectory modelling. For girls, three different groups were identified, namely 'stable food intake with a decline in daily breakfast consumption' (39.9%), 'moderate food intake and worsening in overall eating behaviours' (38.0%) and 'stable high food intake' (22.1%). For boys, five different groups were identified, namely 'low food intake with stable daily breakfast consumption' (27.3%), 'breakfast-skippers and increasing fast food intake' (27.1%), 'low food intake with a decline in daily breakfast consumption' (23.9%), 'high food intake with worsening of eating behaviours' (13.3%) and 'average food intake with consistently high breakfast consumption' (8.4%). Eating behaviours evolve through various distinct trajectories and sub-group-specific strategies may be required to promote healthy eating behaviours among adolescents.

Keywords: adolescence; breakfast skipping; fast food; fruits and vegetables; sugary beverages; trajectory.

Figure 1

Multi-trajectory modelling of four eating behaviours among adolescent girls in the MATCH study. Figure caption: MATCH: Monitoring Activities of Teenagers to Comprehend their Habits. A dashed line represents the 95% confidence interval. Solid lines represent the average frequency of daily intakes for vegetables and fruits, sugary beverages and fast food, and the probability of daily breakfast consumption.

Figure 2

Multi-trajectory modelling of four eating behaviours among adolescent boys in the MATCH study. Figure caption: MATCH: Monitoring Activities of Teenagers to Comprehend their Habits. Dashed line represents the 95% confidence interval. Solid lines represent the average frequency of daily intakes for vegetables and fruits, sugary beverages and fast food, and the probability of daily breakfast consumption.