. 2021 Apr 28;11(5):1154.

doi: 10.3390/nano11051154.

Boosting Magnetoelectric Effect in Polymer-Based Nanocomposites

Alexander Omelyanchik^{1

2}, Valentina Antipova¹, Christina Gritsenko¹, Valeria Kolesnikova¹, Dmitry Murzin¹, Yilin Han³, Andrei V Turutin^{4

5}, Ilya V Kubasov⁴, Alexander M Kislyuk⁴, Tatiana S Ilina⁴, Dmitry A Kiselev⁴, Marina I Voronova⁴, Mikhail D Malinkovich⁴, Yuriy N Parkhomenko⁴, Maxim Silibin^{6

7

8}, Elena N Kozlova³, Davide Peddis^{2

9}, Kateryna Levada¹, Liudmila Makarova^{1

10}, Abdulkarim Amirov^{1

11}, Valeria Rodionova¹

Affiliations

¹ REC Smart Materials and Biomedical Applications, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia.
² Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DCIC), University of Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy.
³ Biomedical Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
⁴ Laboratory of Physics of Oxide Ferroelectrics and Department of Materials Science of Semiconductors and Dielectrics, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 119049 Moscow, Russia.
⁵ Department of Physics and I3N, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
⁶ Institute of Advanced Materials and Technologies, National Research University of Electronic Technology "MIET", 124498 Moscow, Russia.
⁷ Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
⁸ Scientific-Manufacturing Complex "Technological Centre" Shokin Square, House 1, Bld. 7, Zelenograd, 124498 Moscow, Russia.
⁹ Institute of Structure of Matter-CNR, Monterotondo Stazione, 00016 Rome, Italy.
¹⁰ Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-2 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia.
¹¹ Amirkhanov Institute of Physics of Dagestan Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 367003 Makhachkala, Russia.

PMID: 33925105
PMCID: PMC8146360
DOI: 10.3390/nano11051154

Boosting Magnetoelectric Effect in Polymer-Based Nanocomposites

Alexander Omelyanchik et al. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2021.

. 2021 Apr 28;11(5):1154.

doi: 10.3390/nano11051154.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ REC Smart Materials and Biomedical Applications, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia.
² Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DCIC), University of Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy.
³ Biomedical Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
⁴ Laboratory of Physics of Oxide Ferroelectrics and Department of Materials Science of Semiconductors and Dielectrics, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 119049 Moscow, Russia.
⁵ Department of Physics and I3N, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
⁶ Institute of Advanced Materials and Technologies, National Research University of Electronic Technology "MIET", 124498 Moscow, Russia.
⁷ Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
⁸ Scientific-Manufacturing Complex "Technological Centre" Shokin Square, House 1, Bld. 7, Zelenograd, 124498 Moscow, Russia.
⁹ Institute of Structure of Matter-CNR, Monterotondo Stazione, 00016 Rome, Italy.
¹⁰ Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-2 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia.
¹¹ Amirkhanov Institute of Physics of Dagestan Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 367003 Makhachkala, Russia.

PMID: 33925105
PMCID: PMC8146360
DOI: 10.3390/nano11051154

Abstract

Polymer-based magnetoelectric composite materials have attracted a lot of attention due to their high potential in various types of applications as magnetic field sensors, energy harvesting, and biomedical devices. Current researches are focused on the increase in the efficiency of magnetoelectric transformation. In this work, a new strategy of arrangement of clusters of magnetic nanoparticles by an external magnetic field in PVDF and PFVD-TrFE matrixes is proposed to increase the voltage coefficient (α_ME) of the magnetoelectric effect. Another strategy is the use of 3-component composites through the inclusion of piezoelectric BaTiO₃ particles. Developed strategies allow us to increase the α_ME value from ~5 mV/cm·Oe for the composite of randomly distributed CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles in PVDF matrix to ~18.5 mV/cm·Oe for a composite of magnetic particles in PVDF-TrFE matrix with 5%wt of piezoelectric particles. The applicability of such materials as bioactive surface is demonstrated on neural crest stem cell cultures.

Keywords: PVDF; PVDF-TrFE; barium titanate; cobalt ferrite; magnetoelectric effect; multiferroics; nanoparticles.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
(a) Illustration of the alignment of CFO NPs in PVDF polymer in a magnetic field; (b) optical image of the formation of ordered chains of CFO NPs clusters in the liquid precursor of PVDF-TrFE polymer under external magnetic fields of different inductions. The sketch represents a structure of the chain as an elongated assembly of NPs clusters with the random distribution of easy axes of individual particles inside each cluster (red lines).

**Figure 2**
Scheme of the experiment for direct magnetoelectric (ME) measurements (1—sample, 2—Helmholtz coils, 3—DC magnetic field source, 4—aligned chains of particle clusters); the red arrow indicates the direction in which sample was rotated.

**Figure 3**
XRD patterns of CFO and BTO nanoparticles, CFO/PVDF, CFO/PVDF-TrFE, and CFO/BTO10/PVDF-TrFE nanocomposites. The Miller indexes specified for pure CFO, BTO particles and PVDF (PVDF-TrFE) polymer are guided to corresponding reflections in composites via dashed lines.

**Figure 4**
In-plane M-H loops reordered at 300 K for random and ordered (a) PVDF/CFO and (b) PVDF-TrFE/CFO nanocomposite compared with CFO NPs; M-H loops for ordered PVDF-TrFE/CFO sample as a function of sample axis and field direction in (c) in-plane and (d) from in-plane to out-of-plane orientations.

**Figure 5**
First order reversal curves (FORC) diagram for (a) CFO NPs and (b) PVDF-TrFE/CFO nanocomposite sample.

**Figure 6**
(a) Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) images of PVDF-TrFE/CFO nanocomposite: topology, MFM signals, and their difference. Arrow B indicates the direction of the applied magnetic field during polymerization. Scale bar is 2 μm; (b) TEM image of separated aggregates of powder CFO NPs; (c) illustration of a possible configuration of two aggregates and simulated magnetic field distribution for this configuration.

**Figure 7**
(a) Field and (b) angular dependencies of the ME voltage coefficient (α_ME) on DC bias magnetic field for ordered and random PVDF/CFO and PVDFTrFE/CFO composites at AC field frequency of 10 kHz.

**Figure 8**
Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) images (a–d) and remnant local piezoelectric hysteresis loops (e,f) at applied (B_ext. ON) and switched off (B_ext. OFF) the magnetic field (B_ext. = 1.4 kOe) for (a,b,e) PVDF/CFO and (c,d,f) PVDF-TrFE/CFO samples.

**Figure 9**
(a) Dependencies of the ME voltage coefficient (α_ME) on DC bias magnetic field composites at AC field frequency of 10 kHz for PVDF-TrFE -based samples with ZCFO, BTO5/CFO and BTO10/CFO fillers (PVDF-TrFE/CFO is shown again for comparison); (b) piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) images and remnant local piezoelectric hysteresis loops at applied and switched off the magnetic field (B_ext. = 1.4 kOe) for PVDF-TrFE/BTO5/CFO sample; (c) M-H loops at 300 K for PVDF-TrFE/ZCFO, PVDF-TrFE/BTO5/CFO and PVDF-TrFE/BTO10/CFO NCs.

**Figure 10**
Schematic diagram explaining the mechanism of arising of dipolar interactions leading to the displacement of aggregates of CFO NPs: in zero magnetic fields (explanation is in the text).

**Figure 11**
Images of neural crest stem cells (bNCSC), expressing red fluorescence signal (RFP) after 24 h, 48 h, 72 h of culture on PVDF substrate (×20); arrow indicates cells migrating from the neurosphere. Scale bar is 25 μm.

**Figure 12**
βIII-tubulin and GFAP (green) expression bNCSCs growing on PVDF substrate (×40). Blue–Hoechst nuclear stain; arrow indicates cells migrating from the neurosphere. Scale bar = 25 μm.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

1. Pereira N., Lima A.C., Lanceros-Mendez S., Martins P. Magnetoelectrics: Three Centuries of Research Heading towards the 4.0 Industrial Revolution. Materials. 2020;13:4033. doi: 10.3390/ma13184033. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Spaldin N.A. Materials Science: The Renaissance of Magnetoelectric Multiferroics. Science. 2005;309:391–392. doi: 10.1126/science.1113357. - DOI - PubMed
1. Spaldin N.A., Ramesh R. Advances in magnetoelectric multiferroics. Nat. Mater. 2019;18:203–212. doi: 10.1038/s41563-018-0275-2. - DOI - PubMed
1. Makarova L.A., Alekhina J., Isaev D.A., Khairullin M.F., Perov N.S. Tunable layered composites based on magnetoactive elastomers and piezopolymer for sensors and energy harvesting devices. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 2020 doi: 10.1088/1361-6463/abb7b7. - DOI
1. Vidal J.V., Turutin A.V., Kubasov I.V., Kislyuk A.M., Kiselev D.A., Malinkovich M.D., Parkhomenko Y.N., Kobeleva S.P., Sobolev N.A., Kholkin A.L. Dual Vibration and Magnetic Energy Harvesting with Bidomain LiNbO3-Based Composite. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 2020;67:1219–1229. doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2020.2967842. - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
- scite Smart Citations

Save citation to file

Email citation

Add to Collections

Add to My Bibliography

Your saved search

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

Boosting Magnetoelectric Effect in Polymer-Based Nanocomposites

Affiliations

Boosting Magnetoelectric Effect in Polymer-Based Nanocomposites

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Other Literature Sources