Nationwide Surveillance on Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from Healthy Food Animals in South Korea, 2010 to 2019

Abstract

Intestinal commensal bacteria are considered good indicators for monitoring antimicrobial resistance. We investigated the antimicrobial resistance profiles and resistance trends of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolated from food animals in Korea between 2010 and 2019. E. faecium and E. faecalis, isolated from chickens and pigs, respectively, presented a relatively high resistance rate to most of the tested antimicrobials. We observed high ciprofloxacin (67.9%), tetracycline (61.7%), erythromycin (59.5%), and tylosin (53.0%) resistance in E. faecium isolated from chickens. Similarly, more than half of the E. faecalis isolates from pigs and chickens were resistant to erythromycin, tetracycline and tylosin. Notably, we observed ampicillin, daptomycin, tigecycline and linezolid resistance in a relatively small proportion of enterococcal isolates. Additionally, the enterococcal strains exhibited an increasing but fluctuating resistance trend (p < 0.05) to some of the tested antimicrobials including daptomycin and/or linezolid. E. faecalis showed higher Multidrug resistance (MDR) rates than E. faecium in cattle (19.7% vs. 8.6%, respectively) and pigs (63.6% vs. 15.6%, respectively), whereas a comparable MDR rate (≈60.0%) was noted in E. faecium and E. faecalis isolated from chickens. Collectively, the presence of antimicrobial-resistant Enterococcus in food animals poses a potential risk to public health.

Keywords: E. faecalis; E. faecium; antimicrobial resistance; food animals; public health.

Figure 1

Antimicrobial resistance trend of E. faecium isolates recovered from cattle (A), pigs (B), and chickens (C) in Korea from 2010 to 2019. Abbreviations: AMP, ampicillin; CIP, ciprofloxacin; CHL, chloramphenicol; DAP, daptomycin; ERY, erythromycin; FFC, florfenicol; GEN, gentamicin; KAN, kanamycin; LIN, linezolid; SAL, salinomycin; STR, streptomycin; SYN, quinupristin/dalfopristin; TET, tetracycline; TGC tigecycline, TYL, tylosin; and VAN, vancomycin.

Figure 2

Antimicrobial resistance trend of E. faecalis isolates recovered from cattle (A), pigs (B), and chickens (C) in Korea from 2010 to 2019. Abbreviations: AMP, ampicillin; CIP, ciprofloxacin; CHL, chloramphenicol; DAP, daptomycin; ERY, erythromycin; FFC, florfenicol; GEN, gentamicin; KAN, kanamycin; LIN, linezolid; SAL, salinomycin; STR, streptomycin; TET, tetracycline; TGC, tigecycline, TYL, tylosin; and VAN, vancomycin.