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Review
. 2021 May;105(3):473-491.
doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2021.01.003. Epub 2021 Apr 2.

Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Catherine J Thomas  1 , Rukhsana G Mirza  1 , Manjot K Gill  2
Affiliations
Free article
Review

Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Catherine J Thomas et al. Med Clin North Am. 2021 May.
Free article

Abstract

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness. The main risk factor is advancing age, with the severity of vision loss ranging from mild to severe. There is a 25% risk of early AMD and 8% risk of late AMD in patients over the age of 75, with the number of cases expected to increase because of the aging population. Diagnosis of the disease requires a dilated fundus examination. Physicians should be aware of the symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options for AMD to refer appropriately for ophthalmologic evaluation. Early detection can be helpful to prevent disease progression.

Keywords: Choroidal neovascularization (CNV); Drusen; Geographic atrophy; Neovascular (exudative, wet) age-related macular degeneration; Nonneovascular (nonexudative, dry) age-related macular degeneration; Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure The authors have nothing to disclose.