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. 2021 Apr;11(4):191.
doi: 10.1007/s13205-021-02748-1. Epub 2021 Mar 25.

Palm oil wastes as feedstock for lipase production by Yarrowia lipolytica and biocatalyst application/reuse

Jully L Fraga #  1 , Camila P L Souza #  1 , Adejanildo da S Pereira  1 , Erika C G Aguieiras  2   3 , Laís O de Silva  4 , Alexandre G Torres  4 , Denise G Freire  2 , Priscilla F F Amaral  1
Affiliations

Palm oil wastes as feedstock for lipase production by Yarrowia lipolytica and biocatalyst application/reuse

Jully L Fraga et al. 3 Biotech. 2021 Apr.

Abstract

Palm oil production chain generates a greasy residue in the refining stage, the Palm Oil Deodorizer Distillate (PODD), mainly composed of free fatty acids. Palm oil is also used industrially to fry foods, generating a residual frying oil (RFO). In this paper, we aimed to produce lipase from palm agro-industrial wastes using an unconventional yeast. RFO_palm, from a known source, consisted of 0.11% MAG + FFA, 1.5% DAG, and 97.5 TAG, while RFO_commercial, from a commercial restaurant, contained 6.7% of DAG and 93.3% of TAG. All palm oil wastes were useful for extracellular lipase production, especially RFO_commercial that provided the highest activity (4.9 U/mL) and productivity (465 U/L.h) in 75 h of processing time. In 48 h of process, PODD presented 2.3 U/mL of lipase activity and 48.5 U/L.h of productivity. RFO_commercial also showed the highest values for lipase associated to cell debris (843 U/g). This naturally immobilized biocatalyst was tested on hydrolysis reactions to produce Lipolyzed Milk Fat and was quite efficient, with a hydrolysis yield of 13.1% and 3-cycle reuse. Therefore, oily palm residues seem a promising alternative to produce lipases by the non-pathogenic yeast Y. lipolytica and show great potential for industrial applications.

Keywords: Cell debris; Lipase; Natural immobilization; Palm oil deodorizer distillate; Residual frying oil; Waste valorization.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interestAll authors declare no competing/ conflicts of interests. The funders had no decision on the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Kinetic of lipase fractions produced by Y. lipolytica using (A) VPO (virgin palm oil); (B) RFO_palm (residual frying oil from an original virgin palm oil, fried in bench-scale); (C) RFO_commercial (residual frying oil from a palm oil obtained from a commercial fast-food restaurant). (○) Extracellular lipase fraction; (▲) Intracellular lipase fraction; (■) Lipase associated to cell debris
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Reuse of Yarrowia lipolytica lipase associated to cell debris produced with RFO_commercial (residual frying oil from a palm oil obtained from a commercial fast-food restaurant) in in the production of Lipolyzed Milk Fat (LMF). The production obtained of the first cycle was adjusted to 100%. aMean values followed by the same letter do not differ from each other with a confidence level of 95% by the Fisher test
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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