Comparison of Autogenous Tooth Materials and Other Bone Grafts

Abstract

Autogenous odontogenic materials are a new, highly biocompatible option for jaw restoration. The inorganic component of autogenous teeth acts as a scaffold to maintain the volume and enable donor cell attachment and proliferation; the organic component contains various growth factors that promote bone reconstruction and repair. The composition of dentin is similar to that of bone, which can be a rationale for promoting bone reconstruction. Recent advances have been made in the field of autogenous odontogenic materials, and studies have confirmed their safety and feasibility after successful clinical application. Autogenous odontogenic materials have unique characteristics compared with other bone-repair materials, such as the conventional autogenous, allogeneic, xenogeneic, and alloplastic bone substitutes. To encourage further research into odontogenic bone grafts, we compared the composition, osteogenesis, and development of autogenous odontogenic materials with those of other bone grafts. In conclusion, odontogenic bone grafts should be classified as a novel bone substitute.

Keywords: AutoBT; Autograft; Bone reconstruction; Implant; Tooth material.

Fig. 1

Compared with the samples at 300 °C and 500 °C, the X-ray diffraction spectrum of bone heated at 700 °C and 900 °C has a higher crystalline phase. Compared with raw bone and bone heated at 300 °C and 500 °C, heat treatment at 700 °C and 900 °C caused a significant change in the Bragg diffraction peaks: A raw bone, B bone heated at 300 °C, c bone heated at 500 °C, d bone heated at 700 °C, and e bone heated at 900 °C [33]. Reproduced with permission of BULLETIN OF MATERIALS SCIENCE

Fig. 2

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and its regulation. BMP signals are mediated by type I and II BMP receptors and their downstream molecules Smad 1, 5, and 8. Phosphorylated Smad 1, 5, and 8 proteins form a complex with Smad 4 and are then translocated into the nucleus where they interact with other transcription factors such as Runx2 in osteoblasts. BMP signaling is regulated at different molecular levels [51]. Reproduced with permission of GROWTH FACTORS

Fig. 3

Common scanning electron microscopy images of demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) [115]. Reproduced with permission of SCIENTIFIC REPORTS

Fig. 4

A–C Extracted teeth ready to be fabricated into autogenous tooth bone graft (AutoBT) by Korea tooth bank (A). Powdered form of AutoBT (B). Block form of AutoBT (C) [7]. Reproduced with permission of JOURNAL of the KOREAN ASSOCIATION of ORAL MAXILLOFACIAL SURGEONS

Fig. 5

The similarity in crystalline structures between AutoBT (Korea tooth bank, Korea) and autogenous bones [3]. Reproduced with permission of ORAL SURGERY ORAL MEDICINE ORAL PATHOLOGY ORAL RADIOLOGY

Fig. 6

A–C A graft heals with the original bone, and the low-density region represented by the triangles which gradually disappears. Histologically, D the enamel layer is covered with soft tissue, E with a thin layer of new bone, and F with newly remodeled bone on the surface of enamel. G–I Around dentin, vascularization and osteoclast-like cells (finger mark) and new bone formation are observed with bony lacunae (asterisk) which indicates bone remodeling process [72]. Reproduced with permission of DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY *DENT dentin of tooth, ENA enamel of tooth, NB new bone, ST soft tissue