Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Jul-Aug;72(4):466-471.
doi: 10.1016/j.bjane.2021.04.022. Epub 2021 Apr 28.

Associated factors with umbilical arterial pH after cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia: a retrospective cohort study

Miwa Kitaguchi  1 , Mitsuru Ida  2 , Yusuke Naito  1 , Yuka Akasaki  1 , Masahiko Kawaguchi  1
Affiliations

Associated factors with umbilical arterial pH after cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia: a retrospective cohort study

Miwa Kitaguchi et al. Braz J Anesthesiol. 2022 Jul-Aug.

Abstract

Background: Maximum decrease of blood pressure and number of minutes of hypotension were independently associated with umbilical arterial pH. However, the impact of hypotension considering the duration of it on umbilical arterial pH is unknown.

Methods: Pregnant women aged ≥ 20 years who delivered a baby at full-term via a cesarean delivery under a single-shot spinal anesthesia between January 2017 and March 2019 were included. The main outcome was to predict umbilical arterial pH, based on the value of the time integral of hypotension. Patient demographics, patient comorbidities, and intraoperative data, including the total dose of ephedrine and phenylephrine by fetal delivery and cumulative duration of maternal hypotension, were evaluated. Maternal hypotension was reflected as a decrease in systolic arterial pressure and mean arterial pressure to < 80% of baseline values. The systolic arterial pressure and mean arterial pressure were independently included in a multiple regression analysis along with all other explanatory factors to predict the umbilical arterial pH.

Results: Of the 416 eligible patients, 381 were enrolled. When including the systolic arterial pressure or mean arterial pressure in the model, emergency cases, the total dose of ephedrine, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and systolic arterial pressure or mean arterial pressure values were found to be significant predictive factors of umbilical arterial pH.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that an elevated time integral of maternal hypotension may have a negative impact on umbilical arterial pH. Therefore, to minimize the risk of fetal acidosis, maternal hypotension should be prevented with the consideration of vasopressors selection.

Keywords: Anesthesia, spinal; Arterial pressure, mean; Cesarean section; Ephedrine; Fetal blood; Hydrogen-ion concentration.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The value of the time integral of hypotension.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Flowchart.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Cyna A.M., Andrew M., Emmett R.S., et al. Techniques for preventing hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;4 - PubMed
    1. Ngan Kee W.D., Lee A. Multivariate analysis of factors associated with umbilical arterial pH and standard base excess after Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. Anaesthesia. 2003;58:125–130. - PubMed
    1. Corke B.C., Datta S., Ostheimer G.W., et al. Spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section. The influence of hypotension on neonatal outcome. Anaesthesia. 1982;37 - PubMed
    1. Okudaira S., Suzuki S. Influence of spinal hypotension on fetal oxidative status during elective cesarean section in uncomplicated pregnancies. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2005;271:292e5. - PubMed
    1. Kinsella S.M., Carvalho B., Dyer R.A., et al. International consensus statement on the management of hypotension with vasopressors during caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. Anaesthesia. 2018;73:71–92. - PubMed