Association of weekday-to-weekend sleep differences and stress response among a Japanese working population: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between differences in weekday-to-weekend sleep habits and stress responses in a working population.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from university workers on sleep habits, differences in sleep duration between weekdays and weekends, and each midpoint of the sleep phase on weekdays and weekends. Social jetlag was defined as the difference in the midpoint of the sleep phase between weekdays and weekends. In addition, the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire assessed stress responses and stress-related factors. To examine sleep-related factors affecting stress responses, regression analysis was performed with adjustments for age, sex, and stress-related factors.

Results: Analyzed were 2,739 participants. Sleep duration differences obtained by subtracting sleep duration on weekdays from that on weekends, social jetlag, and weekday sleep duration were significantly associated with an increased risk of stress responses in a univariate linear regression model. Adjusting for age, sex, job stressors, and stressor buffering factors did not change this trend. However, when additionally adjusting for all sleep parameters, only sleep duration differences and weekday sleep duration were significantly associated with stress responses (β 0.67 [95% CI 0.24, 1.10], p = 0.002), (-0.66 [-1.20, -0.13], p = 0.015).

Conclusions: This study provided further evidence that weekday sleep duration and weekday-to-weekend sleep duration differences were independently associated with stress responses even when considering stress-related factors. However, social jetlag was not clearly associated with stress responses. Our findings highlighted the necessity of securing sufficient sleep for stress management and mental health promotion in a working population.

Keywords: Occupational health; Sleep debt; Sleep duration; Social jetlag; Stress response.