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. 2021;11(2):197-212.
doi: 10.1557/s43579-021-00038-8. Epub 2021 Apr 26.

3D printing of biomedically relevant polymer materials and biocompatibility

Joseph Rey H Sta Agueda  1   2   3 , Qiyi Chen  1   4 , Reymark D Maalihan  1   5 , Jingbo Ren  1 , Ítalo G M da Silva  1   6 , Nathaniel P Dugos  3 , Eugene B Caldona  1   7 , Rigoberto C Advincula  1   7   4
Affiliations

3D printing of biomedically relevant polymer materials and biocompatibility

Joseph Rey H Sta Agueda et al. MRS Commun. 2021.

Abstract

Abstract: Research on polymer materials for additive manufacturing technology in biomedical applications is as promising as it is numerous, but biocompatibility of printable materials still remains a big challenge. Changes occurring during the 3D-printing processes itself may have adverse effects on the compatibility of the completed print. This prospective will put emphasis on the different additives and processes that can have a direct impact on biocompatibility during and after 3D printing of polymer materials.

Keywords: 3D printing; Additive manufacturing; Biomedical; Polymers.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interestOn behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) The amino acid repeating unit structure of silk fibroin. Chemical structures of (b) chitosan, (c) PLA, (d) PEG, and (e) PCL.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Flowchart showing the SL printing of PEGDA biomimetic nanocomposite osteochondral scaffold composed of nHA and TGF-β1-loaded PLGA nanospheres for hMSC differentiation. Also shown are CAD model of porous scaffold design and composition, and 3D-printed bioactive scaffolds via table-top SL and in vitro hMSC studies. Reprinted from Ref. with permission from RSC. (b) Scheme of SLA. (b) Illumination pattern for scaffold production, and (c) Illumination pattern for the meander-shaped 2.5D specimen. Reprinted from Ref. with permission from RSC.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) Schematic representation of a DLP system. Reprinted from Ref. with permission from Sage. (b) Preparation of PCL/SrHA scaffold for bone tissue engineering. Reprinted from Ref. with permission from Elsevier. (c) GelMA and CNF hydrogel and their formulation process, with an illustration of direct ink writing (DIW) printing working principle and optical microscopic images of the printed hydrogel scaffolds. Reprinted from Ref. with permission from ACS. (d) Schematic illustration of the SLS process. Reprinted from Ref. with permission from Wiley.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) Free radical polymerization initiated by UV light. Example of (b) crosslinker, (c) oligomers, (d) Unimolecular, and (e) bimolecular PIs.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Library of photoinitiators (PIs) with the associated maximum UV absorbance (λmax) and molar extinction coefficient (ε). U unimolecular and B bimolecular.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(a) Loss modulus of PEG-based hydrogel during and after irradiation for 10 s (2.5 mW cm−2, 365 nm, purple region). (b) The maximal changes in G″ for consecutive exposures in the same conditions. Reprinted from Ref. with permission from IOP.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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