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. 2022 Jan;58(1):114-123.
doi: 10.1111/ppc.12825. Epub 2021 May 3.

The effect of anxiety on nicotine dependence among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic

Gülsün Ayran  1 , Semra Köse  2 , Sibel Küçükoğlu  3 , Aynur Aytekin Özdemir  4
Affiliations

The effect of anxiety on nicotine dependence among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic

Gülsün Ayran et al. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2022 Jan.

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of anxiety on nicotine dependence among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design and methods: This was a descriptive and correlational study. The sample consisted of 503 university students in Turkey. Data were collected online using a demographic characteristics form, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND).

Findings: FTND scores differed by gender, family type, and grade level, while STAI scores differed by gender, income, and region of residence (p < 0.05). Fifty-one percent of the participants had moderate anxiety, while 65.2% had low nicotine dependence. FTND and STAI mean scores were strongly correlated (p < 0.05).

Practical implications: The higher the anxiety, the higher the nicotine dependence among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords: COVID-19; anxiety; nicotine dependence; pandemic; student.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there are no conflict of interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Power analysis [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]
Figure 2
Figure 2
A flow chart of subjects' enrollment. DCF, demographic characteristics form; FTND, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence; STAI, State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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