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. 2023 Mar;165(3):984-991.e1.
doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.03.102. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Impact of time from symptom onset to operation on outcome of repair of acute type A aortic dissection with malperfusion

Chikashi Nakai  1 , So Izumi  1 , Tomonori Haraguchi  1 , Soichiro Henmi  1 , Shinichi Nakayama  2 , Takahisa Mikami  3 , Takuro Tsukube  4
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Free article

Impact of time from symptom onset to operation on outcome of repair of acute type A aortic dissection with malperfusion

Chikashi Nakai et al. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2023 Mar.
Free article

Abstract

Objectives: We analyzed patients with acute type A aortic dissection complicated by malperfusion syndrome to establish whether the timing of operative treatment and the location of malperfusion are factors in determining outcomes.

Methods: A total of 331 patients with acute type A aortic dissection were treated surgically between August 2003 and May 2019. Eighty-four patients (25%) presented with preoperative malperfusion syndrome. Fifty-eight patients with malperfusion syndrome (69%) were transferred to the operating room within 5 hours of the onset of symptoms (immediate repair); 26 patients (31%) were transferred after 5 hours (later repair). We analyzed the effects of immediate aortic repair on surgical outcomes.

Results: There was no significant difference in the early mortality rates between patients with immediate and later aortic repair, which were 20.0% (n = 11/58) and 26.9% (n = 7/19), respectively (P = .12). Preoperative coronary malperfusion was the only predictor of early mortality. The cumulative 5-year survivals of patients with malperfusion syndrome in the immediate and later repair groups were 76.7% and 45.4%, respectively. A significant difference was noted in the long-term outcomes between the 2 groups (P = .02). On multivariable Cox survival analysis, coronary malperfusion and shock on arrival were associated with increased long-term mortality (P < .01 and P = .04). Conducting surgery within 5 hours of the onset of symptoms was a significant predictor of favorable long-term outcome (P = .03).

Conclusions: Although preoperative coronary malperfusion and shock on arrival worsened the long-term outcomes in patients undergoing aortic repair for acute type A aortic dissection with preoperative malperfusion syndrome, conducting an operation within 5 hours of the onset of symptoms significantly improved their long-term outcomes.

Keywords: acute type A aortic dissection; malperfusion syndrome; timing of operation.

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