Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Editorial
. 2021 May 18;10(10):e018692.
doi: 10.1161/JAHA.120.018692. Epub 2021 May 4.

Lead and Cadmium as Cardiovascular Risk Factors: The Burden of Proof Has Been Met

Gervasio A Lamas  1   2 , Francisco Ujueta  1 , Ana Navas-Acien  3
Affiliations
Editorial

Lead and Cadmium as Cardiovascular Risk Factors: The Burden of Proof Has Been Met

Gervasio A Lamas et al. J Am Heart Assoc. .
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

None.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Contributions of lead and cadmium exposure reductions to cardiovascular disease mortality prevention in the US population comparing National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988 to 1994 vs 1999 to 2004 after adjustment for established cardiovascular risk factors.
Hazard ratios (HRs) for death from cardiovascular disease, according to individual metal levels and Environmental Risk Score (ERS). HR (95% CI) comparing the 75th vs the 25th of each variable. Lead, cadmium, and mercury were log transformed. Each variable was included separately in each Cox model. (Source: Wang et al). 39
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Brunier A, Muchnick A.WHO reveals leading causes of death and disability worldwide: 2000‐2019. December 9, 2020. https://www.who.int/health‐topics/cardiovascular‐diseases#tab=tab. Accessed January 24, 2021.
    1. U.S. EPA . Integrated Science Assessment (ISA) for Lead (Final Report, Jul 2013). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA/600/R‐10/075.https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/risk/recordisplay.cfm?deid=255721. Accessed January 24, 2021.
    1. Tellez‐Plaza M, Navas‐Acien A, Caldwell KL, Menke A, Muntner P, Guallar E. Reduction in cadmium exposure in the United States population, 1988–2008: the contribution of declining smoking rates. Environ Health Perspect. 2012;204–209. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1104020. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Liu Y, Pan J, Fan C, Xu R, Wang Y, Xu C, Xie S, Zhang H, Cui X, Peng Z, et al. Short‐term exposure to ambient air pollution and mortality from myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;271–281. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.033. - DOI - PubMed
    1. WHO Air Pollution: Fifth Report of the Expert Committee on Environmental Sanitation. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization (WHO); 1958. Technical Report Series, No. 157. http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/40416. Accessed February 2, 2020. - PubMed

Publication types