Selective reduction of cholesterol in HDL2 fraction by probucol in familial hypercholesterolemia and hyperHDL2 cholesterolemia with abnormal cholesteryl ester transfer

Abstract

Long-term treatment with probucol induced marked regression of xanthoma in patients with both homozygous and heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia despite a substantial accompanying decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Furthermore, a close correlation was found between the extent of the regression and the reduction of HDL cholesterol, which suggests that the probucol-induced decrease in HDL may not be an atherogenic change, but may reflect a favorable change for lipoprotein metabolism. The present study also evaluated the effects of probucol on HDL metabolism in patients with familial hyperHDL2 cholesterolemia who had extremely high levels of HDL cholesterol ranging from 130 to 280 mg/dl. Premature corneal opacities were present in 2 patients, 1 of whom also had coronary artery disease despite high HDL cholesterol levels. In the 2 cases, the net transfer of cholesteryl ester from HDL to very low density lipoprotein and LDL was impaired, and low hepatic triglyceride lipase activity was observed, but cholesteryl ester transfer protein was not deficient. Administration of probucol to these patients caused a marked reduction of serum cholesterol, which was accounted for exclusively by a reduction in the HDL2 fraction. The size of the HDL2 particles, which had been much larger, decreased to normal, and the net transfer rate of cholesteryl ester was normalized. In the other 3 cases of hyperHDL2 cholesterolemia, the cholesteryl ester transfer activity was completely deficient. Unlike its effect in the first 2 cases, probucol did not cause any change in lipid and apoprotein in the 3 patients with complete deficiency of cholesteryl ester transfer activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)