COVID-19 in West Africa: regional resource mobilisation and allocation in the first year of the pandemic

Abstract

The world continues to battle the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Whereas many countries are currently experiencing the second wave of the outbreak; Africa, despite being the last continent to be affected by the virus, has not experienced as much devastation as other continents. For example, West Africa, with a population of 367 million people, had confirmed 412 178 cases of COVID-19 with 5363 deaths as of 14 March 2021; compared with the USA which had recorded almost 30 million cases and 530 000 deaths, despite having a slightly smaller population (328 million). Several postulations have been made in an attempt to explain this phenomenon. One hypothesis is that African countries have leveraged on experiences from past epidemics to build resilience and response strategies which may be contributing to protecting the continent's health systems from being overwhelmed. This practice paper from the West African Health Organization presents experience and data from the field on how countries in the region mobilised support to address the pandemic in the first year, leveraging on systems, infrastructure, capacities developed and experiences from the 2014 Ebola virus disease outbreak.

Keywords: COVID-19; health economics; health policy.

Figure 1

Distribution of confirmed active cases of COVID-19 in West Africa as of 14 March 2021.

Figure 2

Sources and allocation of funds mobilised from key partners as of 18 October 2020.

Figure 3

Allocation of mobilised funds across thematic areas.

Figure 4

Proportion of funds mobilised allocated to public health-specific responses across West African countries 2020. ECOWAS, Economic Community of West African States.