Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 May 4;11(1):9500.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-84702-y.

Physiological and biochemical responses of two precious Carpinus species to high-concentration NO2 stress and their natural recovery

Qianqian Sheng #  1 , Min Song #  2 , Zunling Zhu  3 , Fuliang Cao  4
Affiliations

Physiological and biochemical responses of two precious Carpinus species to high-concentration NO2 stress and their natural recovery

Qianqian Sheng et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Carpinus betulus and Carpinus putoensis are precious species in the world. Studies on the ecosystem function of the two species are rare. This study investigated the physiological and biochemical responses of C. betulus and C. putoensis to NO2 stress and their natural recovery. C. betulus and C. putoensis seedlings underwent fumigation with 12.0 mg/m3 NO2 for 0, 1, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Then, the plants were allowed to recover at room temperature for 30 d. Physiological and biochemical changes in the leaves were compared between the two species. In terms of peroxidase (POD) activity, the damage response of C. betulus under NO2 stress appeared later than that of C. putoensis. The soluble protein content of C. betulus was noticeably higher than that of C. putoensis, and C. betulus exhibited more stable membrane lipoperoxidation. The tendency of the changes in nitrate reductase of C. betulus was less noticeable than that of C. putoensis. The variation amplitudes of N, K, Mg, Zn and Mn in the leaves of C. putoensis were greater than those of C. betulus. C. putoensis showed more sensitive metabolisms in response to NO2 stress compared with C. betulus. High-concentration NO2 caused damage to C. betulus and C. putoensis was reversible, and both species returned to normal growth via their own metabolism after 30-d recovery. The results of this study may provide useful reference data for quantitative assessment of the ecosystem function of C. betulus and C. putoensis and for their scientific application in urban greening.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Leaf injury symptoms of Carpinus betulus (A) and Carpinus putoensis (B) under different NO2 exposure time and after recovery.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Changes in the MDA content of C. betulus and C. putoensis at different time points of NO2 stress and after self recovery. Letters or letter combinations containing the same letter indicate no significant difference between the corresponding NO2 exposure time points in the same plant species according to ANOVA or nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA followed by Bonferroni tests. Capital letters for C. putoensis and lower letters for C. betulus.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Changes in POD activity of C. betulus and C. putoensis at different time points of NO2 stress and after self recovery. Letters or letter combinations containing the same letter indicate no significant difference between the corresponding NO2 exposure time points in the same plant species according to ANOVA or nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA followed by Bonferroni tests. Capital letters for C. putoensis and lower letters for C. betulus.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Changes in the soluble protein content of C. betulus and C. putoensis under NO2 stress at different time points and after self recovery. Letters or letter combinations containing the same letter indicate no significant difference between the corresponding NO2 exposure time points in the same plant species according to ANOVA or nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA followed by Bonferroni tests. Capital letters for C. putoensis and lower letters for C. betulus.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Changes in the NR activity of C. betulus and C. putoensis under NO2 stress at different time points and after self recovery. Letters or letter combinations containing the same letter indicate no significant difference between the corresponding NO2 exposure time points in the same plant species according to ANOVA or nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA followed by Bonferroni tests. Capital letters for C. putoensis and lower letters for C. betulus.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Changes in the NO3−N content of C. betulus and C. putoensis under NO2 stress at different time points and after self recovery. Letters or letter combinations containing the same letter indicate no significant difference between the corresponding NO2 exposure time points in the same plant species according to ANOVA or nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA followed by Bonferroni tests. Capital letters for C. putoensis and lower letters for C. betulus.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The fumigation test device for timing regulation and recording of the NO2 concentration (drawn with Adobe Photoshop CC2019; https://download.zol.com.cn/tuiguang/detail/46/456409.shtml?qw =).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Norbäck D, Hashim JH, Hashim Z, Ali F. Volatile organic compounds (VOC) formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in schools in Johor Bahru, Malaysia: associations with rhinitis, ocular, throat and dermal symptoms, headache and fatigue. Sci. Total Environ. 2017;592:153–160. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.215. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Jiang W, Ma J, Yan P. Characterization of NO2 pollution changes in Beijing using GOME satellite data. J. Appl. Meteorol. Sci. 2006;17:67–72.
    1. Zhang X. Progress in the application of satellite remote sensing technology in the detection of trace gases in the atmosphere. Meterorol. Monthly. 2007;33:3–14.
    1. Fenech S, Aquilina NJ. Trends in ambient ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter concentrations over the Maltese Islands and the corresponding health impacts. Sci. Total Environ. 2020;700:134527. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134527. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Crutzen PJ, Heidt LE, Krasnec JP, Pollock WH. Biomass burning as a source of atmospheric gases CO, H2, N2O, NO, CH3CL. Nature. 1979;282:253–256. doi: 10.1038/282253a0. - DOI

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources