Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Apr 16:2021:6663399.
doi: 10.1155/2021/6663399. eCollection 2021.

Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous, Ethanolic and Methanolic Extracts of Areca Nut Fruit on Selected Bacteria

Neda Jam  1 , Reza Hajimohammadi  1 , Parvin Gharbani  2 , Ali Mehrizad  3
Affiliations

Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous, Ethanolic and Methanolic Extracts of Areca Nut Fruit on Selected Bacteria

Neda Jam et al. Biomed Res Int. .

Abstract

Today, the tendency to use of natural preservatives to increase food security has expanded. In the present study, antibacterial effects of Areca Nut fruit extracts were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Enterobacter aerogenes bacteria using agar disc diffusion technique. Methanol, ethanol, and water were used as solvents for extraction by maceration method, and extracts were analyzed by GC-MS. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using microtiter broth dilution method to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results revealed that all ATCC strains were significantly inhibited by ethanolic and methanolic extracts. Escherichia coli produced a significantly larger zone of inhibition for Gentamicin (35 ± 0.65 mm) and Penicillin (25 mm ± 0.56), while Enterobacter aerogenes produced smaller zone of inhibition for Gentamicin (20 ± 0.87 mm) and Penicillin (15 ± 0.87 mm). Also, methanolic extract had considerable antibacterial activity with MIC value of 1.56 mg/mL against Escherichia coli. All of extracts were used to evaluate antibacterial effects in prepared cake, and as a result, all pathogenies were the most sensitive by methanolic extract in 100 mg/L of concentration except Escherichia coli that were more sensitive by ethanolic extract. In conclusion, the Areca Nut fruit extracts may be used as a natural preservative in food industries. Future studies should focus on the effect of Areca Nut fruit extracts in bakery and drinking industries.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

All the authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
GC/MS chromatogram of Areca Nut extracts.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Inhibitory activity of Areca Nut extracts on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Enterobacter aerogenes in various solvents by disc diffusion method, Escherichia coli (a) aqueous, (b) ethanolic, and (c) Methanolic; Staphylococcus aureus (d) aqueous, (e) ethanolic, (f) methanolic; Salmonella enterica (g) aqueous, (h) ethanolic, and (i) methanolic; and Enterobacter aerogenes (j) aqueous, (k) ethanolic, and (l) methanolic.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Totelin L. When foods become remedies in ancient Greece: the curious case of garlic and other substances. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2015;167:30–37. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.08.018. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Basti A. A., Misaghi A., Moosavy M. H., Zahraei Salehi T., Karim G. Effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in a commercial barley soup. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2007;2(22):91–98.
    1. Khoddami M., Sheikh Hosseini M., Hassanshahian M. Antibacterial activity of Semenovia suffruticosa (Essential Oil) against pathogenic bacteria and determination of chemical composition of essential oils by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis in four regions of Kerman. Journal of Dietary Supplements. 2019;16(5):530–540. doi: 10.1080/19390211.2018.1472167. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Mohsenipour Z., Hassanshahian M. The inhibitory effect of Thymus vulgaris extracts on the planktonic form and biofilm structures of six human pathogenic bacteria. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine. 2015;5(4):309–318. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sullivan R. J., Allen J. S., Otto C., Tiobech J., Nero K. Effects of chewing betel nut (Areca catechu) on the symptoms of people with schizophrenia in Palau, Micronesia. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2000;177(2):174–178. doi: 10.1192/bjp.177.2.174. - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources