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. 2021 Apr 18;12(4):214-222.
doi: 10.5312/wjo.v12.i4.214.

Osseointegration of porous titanium and tantalum implants in ovariectomized rabbits: A biomechanical study

Stanislav Bondarenko  1 , Volodymyr Filipenko  2 , Michael Karpinsky  3 , Olena Karpinska  3 , Gennadiy Ivanov  4 , Valentyna Maltseva  5 , Ahmed Amine Badnaoui  2 , Ran Schwarzkopf  6
Affiliations

Osseointegration of porous titanium and tantalum implants in ovariectomized rabbits: A biomechanical study

Stanislav Bondarenko et al. World J Orthop. .

Abstract

Background: Today, biological fixation of uncemented press-fit acetabular components plays an important role in total hip arthroplasty. Long-term stable fixation of these implants depends on the osseointegration of the acetabular cup bone tissue into the acetabular cup implant, and their ability to withstand functional loads.

Aim: To compare the strength of bone-implant osseointegration of four types of porous metal implants in normal and osteoporotic bone in rabbits.

Methods: The study was performed in 50 female California rabbits divided into non-ovariectomized (non-OVX) and ovariectomized groups (OVX) at 6 mo of age. Rabbits were sacrificed 8 wk after the implantation of four biomaterials [TTM, CONCELOC, Zimmer Biomet's Trabecular Metal (TANTALUM), and ATLANT] in a 5-mm diameter defect created in the left femur. A biomechanical evaluation of the femur was carried out by testing implant breakout force. The force was gradually increased until complete detachment of the implant from the bone occurred.

Results: The breakout force needed for implant detachment was significantly higher in the non-OVX group, compared with the OVX group for all implants (TANTALUM, 194.7 ± 6.1 N vs 181.3 ± 2.8 N; P = 0.005; CONCELOC, 190.8 ± 3.6 N vs 180.9 ± 6.6 N; P = 0.019; TTM, 186.3 ± 1.8 N vs 172.0 N ± 11.0 N; P = 0.043; and ATLANT, 104.9 ± 7.0 N vs 78.9 N ± 4.5 N; P = 0.001). In the OVX group, The breakout forces in TANTALUM, TTM, and CONCELOC did not differ significantly (P = 0.066). The breakout force for ATLANT in the OVX group was lower by a factor of 2.3 compared with TANTALUM and CONCELOC, and by 2.2 compared with TTM (P = 0.001). In the non-OVX group, the breakout force for ATLANT was significantly different from all other implants, with a reduction in fixation strength by a factor of 1.9 (P = 0.001).

Conclusion: TANTALUM, TTM, and CONCELOC had equal bone-implant osseointegration in healthy and in osteoporotic bone. ATLANT had significantly decreased osseointegration (P = 0.001) in healthy and in osteoporotic bone.

Keywords: Animals; Bone-implant interface; Femur; Osteoporosis; Tantalum; Titanium.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict-of-interest statement: Bondarenko S, Filipenko V, Karpinsky M, Karpinska O, Ivanov G, Maltseva V, and Badnaoui AA declare that they have no conflict of interest. Schwarzkopf R has potential competing interests; he is a paid consultant of Smith & Nephew, Memphis, TN, United States.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Scheme of biomechanical testing and biomechanical testing. A: The geometric dimension of the implants; B: Rabbit femur with implant on the stand during testing.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Х-ray images of rabbits after implanted CONCELOC material (arrow) in the proximal femur. А: Non-ovariectomized (non-OVX) rabbit after surgery; B: Non-OVX rabbit at 8 wk after surgery; C: Ovariectomized (OVX) rabbit after surgery; D: OVX rabbit at 8 wk after surgery.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Evaluation of the cortical thickness index of the proximal femur of rabbit with "X-Rays" software (Kharkiv National University of Radioelectronics, Ukraine) 3 mo after ovariectomy.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Device for recording breakout force with a strain gauge.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Results of breakout force testing of four types of porous materials in ovariectomized (OVX, n = 20) and healthy rabbits (non-OVX, n = 20) 8 wk after implantation. А: Unpaired t-test: Analysis of the effect of osteoporosis (OVX group) on the bone-implant strength and osseointegration for the same type of implant; B: ANOVA with post-hoc Duncan test evaluation of the effect of the implant material on bone-implant strength and osseointegration in ovariectomized and non-ovariectomized rabbits. aP < 0.05; bP < 0.01; cP < 0.001. ns: not significant; non-OVX: non-ovariectomized; OVX: ovariectomized.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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