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. 2021 May 7;21(1):200.
doi: 10.1186/s12886-021-01945-z.

Impact of photoreceptor density in a 3D simulation of panretinal laser photocoagulation

Kentaro Nishida  1 , Shizuka Takahashi  2 , Hirokazu Sakaguchi  2 , Shigeru Sato  2 , Masanori Kanai  2 , Akihiko Shiraki  2 , Taku Wakabayashi  2 , Chikako Hara  2 , Yoko Fukushima  2 , Susumu Sakimoto  2 , Kaori Sayanagi  2 , Ryo Kawasaki  2 , Kohji Nishida  2   3
Affiliations

Impact of photoreceptor density in a 3D simulation of panretinal laser photocoagulation

Kentaro Nishida et al. BMC Ophthalmol. .

Abstract

Background: During panretinal photocoagulation (PRP), the outer retina, especially the photoreceptors, are destroyed. During such procedures, the impact of the retinal photocoagulation, which is performed in the same photocoagulated area, may change if it is applied to different locations with different photoreceptor densities. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the influence of photoreceptor density on PRP.

Methods: We constructed a three-dimensional (3D) average distribution of photoreceptors with 3D computer-aided design (CAD) software using previously derived photoreceptor density data and calculated the number of photoreceptors destroyed by scatter PRP and full-scatter PRP (size 400-μm on the retina, spacing 1.0 spot) using a geometry-based simulation. To investigate the impact of photoreceptor density on PRP, we calculated the ratio of the number of photoreceptors destroyed to the total number of photoreceptors, termed the photoreceptor destruction index.

Results: In this 3D simulation, the total number of photoreceptors was 96,571,900. The total number of photoreceptors destroyed by scatter PRP and full-scatter PRP were 15,608,200 and 19,120,600, respectively, and the respective photoreceptor destruction indexes were 16.2 and 19.8%, respectively.

Conclusions: Scatter PRP is expected to have 4/5 of the number of photoreceptors destroyed by full-scatter PRP.

Keywords: Computer based methods; Panretinal laser photocoagulation; Photocoagulation index; Photoreceptor density; Photoreceptor destruction index.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Geometric formula to calculate the curved surface area of a spherical dome and anatomical dimensions of a standard eyeball. a. If the radius of the dome is r, the height of the dome is h, the radius of the bottom is c, and the base area is B, the curved surface area (S), excluding B of the dome is S = 2πrh = π (c2 + h2). b. The area of the whole retina and the retina up to the equator. These dimensions were derived from a textbook [23]. c. The areas in S are equal to the areas of circles with radii of 18.6 mm and 15.6 mm, calculated via the formula presented in (a)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The PRP-free area. The anatomical dimensions of a standard eyeball taken from a textbook [23]. The PRP-free area was set as a circle with a radius of 5 mm (broken line). The PRP-free area is equal to the area of a circle with a 5.14-mm radius calculated using the formula presented above in Fig. 1a
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The average photoreceptor density graph and the 3D average distribution of photoreceptors. a The average photoreceptor density graph was created using photoreceptor density data from a previous study [22]. b This graph was rotated around the y-axis. c A circular cylinder corresponding to the optic disc was hollowed out, and the 3D average distribution of photoreceptors was constructed
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Simulations of scatter PRP and full-scatter PRP using a geometry-based simulation and based on photoreceptor densities. a Simulations of scatter PRP and full-scatter PRP (size 400 μm on the retina, 1 spot width apart) using a geometry-based simulation. b Simulation of scatter PRP and full-scatter PRP based on photoreceptor densities. The numbers of photoreceptors destroyed and the photoreceptor destruction indexes are shown in Table 1
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