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Review
. 2021 May 8;7(1):97.
doi: 10.1038/s41420-021-00482-4.

Emerging roles of cancer-testis antigenes, semenogelin 1 and 2, in neoplastic cells

Oleg Shuvalov  1 , Alyona Kizenko  1 , Alexey Petukhov  1   2 , Olga Fedorova  1 , Alexandra Daks  1 , Nikolai Barlev  3   4
Affiliations
Review

Emerging roles of cancer-testis antigenes, semenogelin 1 and 2, in neoplastic cells

Oleg Shuvalov et al. Cell Death Discov. .

Abstract

Cancer-testicular Antigens (CTAs) belong to a group of proteins that under normal conditions are strictly expressed in a male's reproductive tissues. However, upon malignisation, they are frequently re-expressed in neoplastic tissues of various origin. A number of studies have shown that different CTAs affect growth, migration and invasion of tumor cells and favor cancer development and metastasis. Two members of the CTA group, Semenogelin 1 and 2 (SEMG1 and SEMG2, or SEMGs) represent the major component of human seminal fluid. They regulate the motility and capacitation of sperm. They are often re-expressed in different malignancies including breast cancer. However, there is almost no information about the functional properties of SEMGs in cancer cells. In this review, we highlight the role of SEMGs in the reproductive system and also summarize the data on their expression and functions in malignant cells of various origins.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Known functions of cancer/testis antigens in neoplastic tissues.
Explanations are given in the text.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. A scheme of semenogelin 1 (a) and semenogelin 2 (b) protein structure and their main functional degradation products taking part in reproduction.
Dotted lines show PSA (prostate-specific antigen) cleavage sites. Explanations are given in the text.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. Regulation of the semenogelin 1 cleavage in seminal vesicles (a) and after ejaculation (b).
SEMG1—semenogelin 1, PSA—prostate-specific antigen, PAP—prostatic acid phosphatase, PCI—protein C inhibitor. Explanations are given in the text.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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