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Review
. 2021 Apr 28;27(16):1691-1715.
doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i16.1691.

From hepatitis A to E: A critical review of viral hepatitis

Daniel Castaneda  1 , Adalberto Jose Gonzalez  2 , Mohammad Alomari  2 , Kanwarpreet Tandon  2 , Xaralambos Bobby Zervos  3
Affiliations
Review

From hepatitis A to E: A critical review of viral hepatitis

Daniel Castaneda et al. World J Gastroenterol. .

Abstract

Viral infections affecting the liver have had an important impact on humanity, as they have led to significant morbidity and mortality in patients with acute and chronic infections. Once an unknown etiology, the discovery of the viral agents triggered interest of the scientific community to establish the pathogenesis and diagnostic modalities to identify the affected population. With the rapid scientific and technological advances in the last centuries, controlling and even curing the infections became a possibility, with a large focus on preventive medicine through vaccination. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of hepatitis A, B, C, D and E is required by primary care physicians and gastroenterologists to provide care to these patients. The review article describes the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic tools and current medication regimens, with a focus on upcoming treatment options and the role of liver transplantation.

Keywords: Hepatitis A; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis D; Hepatitis E; Treatment.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict-of-interest statement: None of the authors have any compelling conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Global geographic distribution of most common hepatitis B virus genotypes per country.
Figure 2
Figure 2
World Health Organization estimated chronic hepatitis C infection prevalence worldwide per region in 2015.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Global geographic distribution of most common hepatitis C virus genotype per country.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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