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. 2023;31(4):513-520.
doi: 10.1007/s10389-021-01568-0. Epub 2021 May 3.

Fear of COVID-19 as a precautionary measure to prevent the epidemic among the population of the Kurdistan Region/Iraq: based on a questionnaire survey

Azeez A Barzinjy  1   2 , Kareem F Aziz  3 , Bashdar M Hussen  4 , Saleem S Qader  5 , Samir M Hamad  6   7 , Arez S Qader  8 , Abdullah L Jamal  9
Affiliations

Fear of COVID-19 as a precautionary measure to prevent the epidemic among the population of the Kurdistan Region/Iraq: based on a questionnaire survey

Azeez A Barzinjy et al. Z Gesundh Wiss. 2023.

Abstract

Background and objectives: The World Health Organization (WHO) announced the appearance of a new coronavirus disease in Hubei province, China, to be a public health emergency of international concern. The objectives of this study can be highlighted through classifying the information sources for identifying protective practices, death probability, gender-death associations probability and education level.

Methodology: This is a descriptive design study conducted among the Kurdistan Region/Iraq population via an online application between 1 March and 1 May 2020. Three hundred twenty people participated in this questionnaire study. The data were collected through an online form, relying upon a self-report questionnaire. The questionnaire had three main parts. The first part is related to the socio-demographic characteristics of the sample, including gender, age, family status, address status and education level. The second part involves the items related to precautionary measures using none, sometimes, and always. The last part contains items related to death probability owing to other causes and this includes five categories: extremely low, low, intermediate, high and extremely high. The validity and reliability of this questionnaire were revised by the panel of experts before the data collection.

Results: The outcomes of the study revealed that the majority, ca. 73%, of the Kurdistan Region/Iraq population depended on TV to obtain information about COVID-19. Also, this investigation showed that there is a substantial association between participants with infection prevention and control practices relevant to COVID-19. Moreover, according to this study, there is a significant relationship between the death probability and COVID-19. Concurrently, there is not any significant association between other causes, namely cancer, heart diseases, diabetes and road traffic accidents, and the death probability.

Conclusion: This study showed that for the majority of the Kurdistan Region/Iraq population the most reliable source of information for any COVID-19 related updates is the TV broadcast. This study also indicated that there is strong association for the majority of individuals regarding their practices for prevention from COVID-19 and death probability with COVID-19. However, there is not any substantial association between the epidemic and the other deadly calamities and the death probability.

Keywords: COVID-19; Epidemic; Fear; Kurdistan region; Precautionary measure.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The shaded area includes sampled areas from the Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The main sources of information about COVID-19
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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