Association Between Epicardial Adipose Tissue and Stroke

doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.658445

. 2021 Apr 21:8:658445.

doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.658445. eCollection 2021.

Association Between Epicardial Adipose Tissue and Stroke

Maria Inês Rosa¹, Antonio José Grande², Leticia Dorsa Lima², Eduardo Ronconi Dondossola¹, Maria Laura Rodrigues Uggioni¹, Adrian V Hernandez^{3

4}, Gary Tse⁵, Tong Liu⁶, Octávio Marques Pontes-Neto⁷, Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai⁸, Mansueto Gomes Neto^{9

10

11

12}, André Rodrigues Durães¹⁰, Michel Pompeu B O Sá^{13

14

15}, Elmiro Santos Resende^{16

17}, Leonardo Roever¹⁷

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Biomedicine Translational, University of Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil.
² Department of Medicine, State University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
³ Hartford Hospital Evidence-Based Practice Center, University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT, United States.
⁴ Vicerrectorado de Investigacion, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru.
⁵ Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
⁶ Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
⁷ Stroke Service, Neurology Division, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
⁸ Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.
⁹ Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy.
¹⁰ Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of Bahia-Universidade Federal Da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
¹¹ Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde-Universidade Federal Da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
¹² Physiotherapy Research Group, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil.
¹³ The GREAT Group, Salvador, Brazil.
¹⁴ Division of Cardiovascular Surgery of Pronto Socorro Cardiológico de Pernambuco-PROCAPE, Recife, Brazil.
¹⁵ Department of Surgery, University of Pernambuco-Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
¹⁶ Nucleus of Postgraduate and Research in Health Sciences of Faculty of Medical Sciences and Biological Sciences Institute-FCM/ICB, Recife, Brazil.
¹⁷ Department of Clinical Research, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.

PMID: 33969022
PMCID: PMC8096977
DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.658445

Association Between Epicardial Adipose Tissue and Stroke

Maria Inês Rosa et al. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021.

. 2021 Apr 21:8:658445.

doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.658445. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Biomedicine Translational, University of Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil.
² Department of Medicine, State University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
³ Hartford Hospital Evidence-Based Practice Center, University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT, United States.
⁴ Vicerrectorado de Investigacion, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru.
⁵ Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
⁶ Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
⁷ Stroke Service, Neurology Division, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
⁸ Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.
⁹ Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy.
¹⁰ Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of Bahia-Universidade Federal Da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
¹¹ Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde-Universidade Federal Da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
¹² Physiotherapy Research Group, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil.
¹³ The GREAT Group, Salvador, Brazil.
¹⁴ Division of Cardiovascular Surgery of Pronto Socorro Cardiológico de Pernambuco-PROCAPE, Recife, Brazil.
¹⁵ Department of Surgery, University of Pernambuco-Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
¹⁶ Nucleus of Postgraduate and Research in Health Sciences of Faculty of Medical Sciences and Biological Sciences Institute-FCM/ICB, Recife, Brazil.
¹⁷ Department of Clinical Research, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.

PMID: 33969022
PMCID: PMC8096977
DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.658445

Abstract

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is correlated with endothelial dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, increased mortality and recent studies showed a possible association with the increased risk of stroke. We performed a systematic review of studies evaluating the association between EAT and stroke. Eighty studies met the inclusion criteria and were consequently analyzed. The review had Five main findings. First, the increased epicardial fat thickness (EFT) may be associated with the stroke episode. Second, regardless of the imaging method (echocardiography, MRI, and CT) this association remains. Third, the association of metabolic syndrome and atrial fibrillation seems to increase the risk of stroke. Fourth, this systematic review was considered as low risk of bias. Despite being unable to establish a clear association between EAT and stroke, we have organized and assessed all the research papers on this topic, analyzing their limitations, suggesting improvements in future pieces of research and pointing out gaps in the literature. Furthermore, the mechanistic links between increased EAT and stroke incidence remains unclear, thus, further research is warranted.

Keywords: atherosclerosis; epicardial adipose tissue; metabolic syndrome; stroke; systematic review.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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References

1. Bertaso AG, Bertol D, Duncan BB, Foppa M. Epicardial fat: definition, measurements and systematic review of main outcomes [in Portuguese]. Arq Bras Cardiol. (2013) 101:18–28. 10.5935/abc.20130138 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Iacobellis G, Willens HJ. Echocardiographic epicardial fat: a review of research and clinical applications. J Am SocEchocardiogr. (2009) 22:1311–9. 10.1016/j.echo.2009.10.013 - DOI - PubMed
1. Ouwens DM, Sell H, Greulich S, Eckel J. The role of epicardial and perivascular adipose tissue in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. J Cell Mol Med. (2010) 14:2223–34. 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01141.x - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Schäffler A, Schölmerich J. Innate immunity and adipose tissue biology. Trends Immunol.2010 31:228–35. 10.1016/j.it.2010.03.001 - DOI - PubMed
1. Iacobellis G, Ribaudo MC, Assael F, Vecci E, Tiberti C, Zappaterreno A, et al. . Echocardiographic epicardial adipose tissue is related to anthropometric and clinical parameters of metabolic syndrome: a new indicator of cardiovascular risk. J ClinEndocrinolMetab. (2003) 88:5163–8. 10.1210/jc.2003-030698 - DOI - PubMed

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[1] Bertaso AG, Bertol D, Duncan BB, Foppa M. Epicardial fat: definition, measurements and systematic review of main outcomes [in Portuguese]. Arq Bras Cardiol. (2013) 101:18–28. 10.5935/abc.20130138 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[2] Bertaso AG, Bertol D, Duncan BB, Foppa M. Epicardial fat: definition, measurements and systematic review of main outcomes [in Portuguese]. Arq Bras Cardiol. (2013) 101:18–28. 10.5935/abc.20130138 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[3] Iacobellis G, Willens HJ. Echocardiographic epicardial fat: a review of research and clinical applications. J Am SocEchocardiogr. (2009) 22:1311–9. 10.1016/j.echo.2009.10.013 - DOI - PubMed

[4] Iacobellis G, Willens HJ. Echocardiographic epicardial fat: a review of research and clinical applications. J Am SocEchocardiogr. (2009) 22:1311–9. 10.1016/j.echo.2009.10.013 - DOI - PubMed

[5] Ouwens DM, Sell H, Greulich S, Eckel J. The role of epicardial and perivascular adipose tissue in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. J Cell Mol Med. (2010) 14:2223–34. 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01141.x - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Ouwens DM, Sell H, Greulich S, Eckel J. The role of epicardial and perivascular adipose tissue in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. J Cell Mol Med. (2010) 14:2223–34. 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01141.x - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Schäffler A, Schölmerich J. Innate immunity and adipose tissue biology. Trends Immunol.2010 31:228–35. 10.1016/j.it.2010.03.001 - DOI - PubMed

[8] Schäffler A, Schölmerich J. Innate immunity and adipose tissue biology. Trends Immunol.2010 31:228–35. 10.1016/j.it.2010.03.001 - DOI - PubMed

[9] Iacobellis G, Ribaudo MC, Assael F, Vecci E, Tiberti C, Zappaterreno A, et al. . Echocardiographic epicardial adipose tissue is related to anthropometric and clinical parameters of metabolic syndrome: a new indicator of cardiovascular risk. J ClinEndocrinolMetab. (2003) 88:5163–8. 10.1210/jc.2003-030698 - DOI - PubMed

[10] Iacobellis G, Ribaudo MC, Assael F, Vecci E, Tiberti C, Zappaterreno A, et al. . Echocardiographic epicardial adipose tissue is related to anthropometric and clinical parameters of metabolic syndrome: a new indicator of cardiovascular risk. J ClinEndocrinolMetab. (2003) 88:5163–8. 10.1210/jc.2003-030698 - DOI - PubMed

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Association Between Epicardial Adipose Tissue and Stroke

Affiliations

Association Between Epicardial Adipose Tissue and Stroke

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Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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