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. 2021 May:25:20.232.
doi: 10.7812/TPP/20.232.

Time-varying Reproduction Numbers of COVID-19 in Georgia, USA, March 2, 2020 to November 20, 2020

Kamalich Muniz-Rodriguez  1 , Gerardo Chowell  2 , Jessica S Schwind  1 , Randall Ford  3 , Sylvia K Ofori  1 , Chigozie A Ogwara  1 , Margaret R Davies  1 , Terrence Jacobs  1 , Chi-Hin Cheung  4 , Logan T Cowan  1 , Andrew R Hansen  3 , Isaac Chun-Hai Fung  1
Affiliations

Time-varying Reproduction Numbers of COVID-19 in Georgia, USA, March 2, 2020 to November 20, 2020

Kamalich Muniz-Rodriguez et al. Perm J. 2021 May.

Abstract

Background: In 2020, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 impacted Georgia, USA. Georgia announced a state-wide shelter-in-place on April 2 and partially lifted restrictions on April 27. We estimated the time-varying reproduction numbers (Rt) of COVID-19 in Georgia, Metro Atlanta, and Dougherty County and environs from March 2, 2020, to November 20, 2020.

Methods: We analyzed the daily incidence of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Georgia, Metro Atlanta, and Dougherty County and its surrounding counties, and estimated Rt using the R package EpiEstim. We used a 9-day correction for the date of report to analyze the data by assumed date of infection.

Results: The median Rt estimate in Georgia dropped from between 2 and 4 in mid-March to < 2 in late March to around 1 from mid-April to November. Regarding Metro Atlanta, Rt fluctuated above 1.5 in March and around 1 since April. In Dougherty County, the median Rt declined from around 2 in late March to 0.32 on April 26. Then, Rt fluctuated around 1 in May through November. Counties surrounding Dougherty County registered an increase in Rt estimates days after a superspreading event occurred in the area.

Conclusions: In Spring 2020, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 transmission in Georgia declined likely because of social distancing measures. However, because restrictions were relaxed in late April and elections were conducted in November, community transmission continued, with Rt fluctuating around 1 across Georgia, Metro Atlanta, and Dougherty County as of November 2020. The superspreading event in Dougherty County affected surrounding areas, indicating the possibility of local transmission in neighboring counties.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure Statement: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Comparison between incidence by assumed date of infection and time-varying reproduction numbers (Rt) for Georgia, Metro Atlanta, and Dougherty County, USA, February 22, 2020 to November 11, 2020 (assumed date of infection), estimated using the instantaneous reproduction number method implemented in the EpiEstim package.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Comparison between time-varying reproduction numbers (Rt) for counties surrounding Dougherty County, USA, February 22, 2020 to November 11, 2020 (assumed date of infection), estimated using the instantaneous reproduction number method implemented in the EpiEstim package.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Georgia Department of Public Health . Georgia Department of Public Health COVID-19 daily status report; 2020. Accessed July 24, 2020. https://dph.georgia.gov/covid-19-daily-status-report
    1. State of Georgia government . Gov. Kemp issues new executive orders, provides COVID-19 update (March 23, 2020); 2020. Accessed June 30, 2020. https://gov.georgia.gov/press-releases/2020-03-23/gov-kemp-issues-new-ex...
    1. State of Georgia government . Governor Kemp Issues Shelter in Place Order (April 2, 2020); 2020. Accessed June 30, 2020. https://gov.georgia.gov/press-releases/2020-04-02/governor-kemp-issues-s...
    1. State of Georgia government . Governor Kemp gives COVID-19 update (April 27, 2020); 2020. Accessed June 30, 2020. https://gov.georgia.gov/press-releases/2020-04-27/governor-kemp-gives-co...
    1. State of Georgia government . News: Press releases; 2020. Accessed June 30, 2020. https://gov.georgia.gov/press-releases

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