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. 2021 Apr 21:(170):10.3791/62384.
doi: 10.3791/62384.

Psychophysical Tracking Method to Assess Taste Detection Thresholds in Children, Adolescents, and Adults: The Taste Detection Threshold (TDT) Test

Paule V Joseph  1 , Julie A Mennella  2 , Beverly J Cowart  2 , M Yanina Pepino  3
Affiliations

Psychophysical Tracking Method to Assess Taste Detection Thresholds in Children, Adolescents, and Adults: The Taste Detection Threshold (TDT) Test

Paule V Joseph et al. J Vis Exp. .

Abstract

This paper describes a two-alternative, forced-choice, staircase, tracking procedure, called the Taste Detection Threshold (TDT) test, that provides a reliable measure of sweet, salty, and umami taste detection thresholds from childhood to adulthood. Advantages of the method include procedures that are identical for children and adults, thus allowing the determination of age-related and individual differences in taste perception, if any, and tasks that can be completed in a relatively short time frame, do not rely on continuous attention or require memorization, control for subjective response biases, and minimize the impact of language development. After a 1 hour fast, participants are presented with pairs of solutions; in each pair, one solution is water, and the other solution contains varying concentrations of the tastant. Using a whole-mouth tasting method, participants taste each solution (without swallowing and with rinsing between tastings) and then point to the solution with a taste or that tastes different from water. The concentration of the stimulus in the subsequent pair increases after a single incorrect response and decreases after two consecutive correct responses. A reversal occurs when the concentration sequence changes direction. The task is deemed completed after the occurrence of four reversals, provided there are a maximum of two dilution steps between two successive reversals, and the series of reversals do not form an ascending pattern. These additional criteria ensure greater reliability in outcomes. The TDT is then calculated as the geometric mean of the concentrations of the four reversals. This method has real-world relevance as it provides information on a dimension of taste perception that is independent of hedonics, and that can change with aging and certain disease states, making it a valuable psychophysical test.

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Conflict of interest statement

DISCLOSURE:

The authors declare they have no competing financial interests.

Figures

Figure 1:
Figure 1:
Step-by-step instructions to make stock solutions through dilution steps #1–16.
Figure 2:
Figure 2:. Threshold tracking grid.
(A) Recording taste detection thresholds. (B) Setup of one tray.
Figure 2:
Figure 2:. Threshold tracking grid.
(A) Recording taste detection thresholds. (B) Setup of one tray.
Figure 3:
Figure 3:. Child participating in a taste threshold detection test.
A pair of solutions is placed on the table in front on the participant in the order that it should be tasted. The participant is asked to taste the solution in position 1 for 5 s, to expectorate, to rinse her mouth with dH2O, and to repeat for the solution in position 2. After tasting both solutions, the participant is asked to point to the solution that has a taste or tastes different than water.
Figure 4:
Figure 4:. Tracking grids.
(A–D) Representative data from four subjects.
Figure 4:
Figure 4:. Tracking grids.
(A–D) Representative data from four subjects.
Figure 4:
Figure 4:. Tracking grids.
(A–D) Representative data from four subjects.
Figure 4:
Figure 4:. Tracking grids.
(A–D) Representative data from four subjects.
Figure 4:
Figure 4:. Tracking grids.
(A–D) Representative data from four subjects.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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