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. 2021:1318:469-483.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-63761-3_27.

Ventilatory Support in Patients with COVID-19

Paolo Maria Leone  1   2 , Matteo Siciliano  3   4 , Jacopo Simonetti  3   4 , Angelena Lopez  5 , Tanzira Zaman  5 , Francesco Varone  3   4 , Luca Richeldi  3   4
Affiliations

Ventilatory Support in Patients with COVID-19

Paolo Maria Leone et al. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021.

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which spread throughout the world. Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure is the most dangerous complication of COVID-19 pneumonia. To date, no specific therapeutic drugs or vaccines have been proven efficacious. Ventilatory support is still a significant challenge for physicians facing COVID-19. The mechanisms underlying hypoxemia in those patients are not fully understood, but a new physiopathology model has been proposed. Oxygen therapy should be delivered to patients with mild to moderate hypoxemia. More severe patients could benefit from other treatments (high-flow nasal cannula, noninvasive ventilation or intubation, and invasive ventilation). Given the rapid evolution of COVID-19, there has been a paucity of the high-quality data that typically inform clinical practice guidelines from professional societies, and a worldwide consensus is still lacking. This chapter aims to illustrate the potentials of ventilatory support as therapeutic options for adult and pediatric patients affected by COVID-19 pneumonia.

Keywords: ARDS; Acute respiratory failure; COVID-19; Guidelines; HFNC; Mechanical ventilation; Oxygen therapy; Pediatric.

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