Supplementation of Lactobacillus early in life alters attention bias to threat in piglets

Abstract

Gut microbes play an important role in regulating brain processes and influence behaviour, cognition and emotional states in humans and rodents. Nevertheless, it is not known how ingestion of beneficial microbes modulates emotional states in piglets and whether it can improve welfare. Here we use an attention bias task to assess the effects of Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC-PTA-6475 and Lactobacillus plantarum L1-6 supplementation early in life on emotional states in 33 piglets compared to 31 placebo supplemented piglets. We hypothesized that Lactobacillus supplementation would reduce vigilance behaviour (head at shoulder height or higher) and attention (head oriented towards the threat) in response to an auditory threat. The results showed that the control group increased vigilance behaviour in response to the threat, but there was no increase in the probiotics group. Despite the increased vigilance, the control group paid less attention to the threat. One explanation may be that control piglets avoided looking in the direction of the threat just because they perceived it as more threatening, but further research is necessary to confirm this. In conclusion, Lactobacillus supplementation may be a suitable tool to reduce anxiety, promote a more appropriate response to a challenge and so improve welfare.

Figure 1

Mean ± standard error of the mean (sem) duration of (a) vigilance behaviour and (b) attention towards the threat for the control (light blue bars) and probiotic supplemented (dark blue bars) piglets before and after the threat. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

Figure 2

Mean ± sem duration of (a) standing behaviour, (b) walking behaviour and c. running behaviour for the control (light blue bars) and probiotic supplemented (dark blue bars) piglets before and after the threat. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

Figure 3

Mean ± sem duration of time spent in (a) Zone 1 (area near conspecifics), (b) Zone 2 (middle area), (c) Zone 3 (middle area) and (d) zone 4 (area with substrate and toys) for the control (light blue bars) and probiotic supplemented (dark blue bars) piglets before and after the threat. **p < 0.01.

Figure 4

Attention bias arena. Pig vector from https://pixabay.com/vectors/pig-piglet-no-background-animal-2660356/.